论刑法中的从业禁止

发布时间：2018-05-18 20:39

本文选题：从业禁止 + 法律性质　；参考：《山东大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：《刑法修正案(九)》第一条规定,在刑法第三十七条后增加第三十七条之一,内容主要涉及了从业禁止的适用条件、处罚期限及违反该处罚的法律后果等。此项规定,主要是出于预防已被判处刑罚的、利用职业便利或者违被职业要求的特定义务的行为人再犯罪的目的,对行为人的相关从业活动进行限制。类似于这种限制行为人从业活动的规定在我国的很多法律、规范中都有所涉及,在其他国家的法律规范中也多有涉及。此次正式纳入我国刑法处罚的范畴,意义与挑战兼具:一方面,从业禁止的规定表明我国刑法对于犯罪预防问题的认识和实践上升到了一个新的高度,对于中国刑法一直未予正名的"保安处分"而言也是一个有力的支持,有利于中国刑罚结构的完善;另一方面,由于规定相对简单,而限制从业又是对行为人的经营活动——这一重要的再社会化的途径的限制,实务中如何认定从业禁止的性质、如何判定行为人的人身危险性情况进而裁判从业禁止,以及如何适用从业禁止等问题的厘清变得更加重要。自《刑法修正案(九)》颁行以来,已有不少学者围绕从业禁止的性质及其适用情况进行探讨,多数是对法条自身的解释和对某些个具体问题的分析。但未有对从业禁止性质认定及理由进行系统性地梳理,欠缺对司法实践操作中可能遇到的问题及应对方式进行全面的阐述。本文主要通过对国内立法的梳理和对外国立法的考察,对从业禁止的广义上的非刑罚处置措施的性质进行了认定,并在此基础上对于我国从业禁止在司法实践中如何适用及可能出现的问题进行较为全面的分析,再结合我国实践和他国经验对于我国从业禁止的完善提出建议。
[Abstract]:Article 1 of the Amendment to the Criminal Law (9) stipulates that Article 37 shall be added after Article 37 of the Criminal Law, the contents of which mainly concern the applicable conditions of the prohibition of employment, the period of punishment and the legal consequences of violating the penalty. This provision is mainly for the purpose of preventing those who have already been sentenced to punishment, making use of professional convenience or violating the specific obligation required by the profession, to restrict the relevant activities of the doer. Similar to this kind of restrictions on the activities of the perpetrator in many laws in China, norms are involved, in other countries in the legal norms are also involved. This time it is formally included in the scope of criminal law punishment in our country, which has both significance and challenge: on the one hand, the provisions on the prohibition of employment indicate that the understanding and practice of crime prevention in our criminal law has risen to a new height. It is also a strong support for "security measures", which have not been properly defined in the Criminal Law of China, and are conducive to the perfection of China's penal structure. On the other hand, since the provisions are relatively simple, In practice, how to determine the nature of the practice prohibition, how to judge the personal danger of the actor and then judge the practice prohibition, and how to determine the nature of the practice, and how to judge the personal dangerousness of the actor and then judge the practice prohibition. And how to apply the employment ban and other issues become more important to clarify. Since the promulgation of the Criminal Law Amendment (9), many scholars have discussed the nature and application of the practice prohibition, most of which are the interpretation of the law itself and the analysis of some specific problems. However, there is no systematic analysis of the nature and reasons of the prohibition, and a comprehensive explanation of the problems and countermeasures that may be encountered in the judicial practice. This article mainly through the domestic legislation combing and the investigation to the foreign legislation, has carried on the confirmation to the nature of the non-penalty disposition measure in the broad sense of the prohibition of employment. On this basis, the author makes a more comprehensive analysis on how to apply the prohibition of employment in judicial practice and the possible problems, and then puts forward some suggestions for the perfection of the prohibition of employment in our country in combination with the practice of our country and the experience of other countries.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D924.1

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