结果加重犯问题研究

发布时间：2018-05-21 07:22

本文选题：结果加重犯 + 本质　；参考：《吉林大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：针对结果加重犯，我国立法层面上在刑法总则部分并没有设立一般性规定，也仅仅是在分则里规定了对结果加重犯的实际应用并对结果加重犯规定了更为严厉的法定刑。同时理论界关于结果加重犯也是众说纷纭，分歧很大，以致于对结果加重犯的本质、基本结构以及有无未遂等问题也是争议颇多,而且在现实生活中，结果加重犯的案件也是层出不穷、屡见不鲜，大有越来越多、愈演愈烈之趋势，所以加强对结果加重犯的研究就变得尤为重要，不仅因为这对行为人定什么罪、怎样量刑有着十分重要的意义，更因为这关系到犯罪嫌疑人的人身自由甚至是生命。本文通过对国内及国外学者们关于结果加重犯之各种观点进行研究，并在前辈研究的基础上提出了自己的观点，就结果加重犯的相关问题进行了适当的分析与论述，希冀得出一个完整清晰且合理的结论，进而更好地指导司法实践。本文主要包括三个部分：第一，结果加重犯的基本问题。介绍了结果加重犯的概念界定、本质解读、基本结构及结果加重犯的处罚依据四个部分。（1）结果加重犯的概念界定。理论界存在着狭义说、最狭义说以及广义说三种学说。笔者在分析各种学说的观点之后，亮出自己的态度即支持广义说，并阐明理由。（2）结果加重犯的本质解读。存在三种理论：单一形态论将加重结果排除在成立条件之外，认为它只是国家加重刑罚权启动的原因。复合形态论将结果加重犯视为结合犯的一种。危险性理论认为其本质是基本行为自身所具有的可能引发重结果出现的高度危险性。笔者分析并评判后阐述了自己的观点。（3）结果加重犯的基本结构。首先，实施了基本犯罪行为但造成了基本构成结果以外的重结果。其次，行为人的基本犯罪行为与加重结果之间具有直接因果关系。再次，行为人对基本犯罪要具有可归责的主观过错，而且对加重结果至少有过失。最后，刑法对其规定了加重的法定刑。（4）结果加重犯的处罚依据：首先分析结果加重犯的立法原由，其次笔者认为在有可能预见到更重结果发生的情况下，行为人依旧选择实施这样一种具有高度危险性的行为，主观恶性较大，所以要加重处罚。第二，结果加重犯的未遂问题。笔者分两种情况进行分析：首先分析加重结果未发生时结果加重犯的未遂问题。肯定说认为，只要未发生加重结果就未遂。否定说则认为，加重结果未发生则不成立结果加重犯，更谈不上结果加重犯的未遂。笔者认为否定说是较有说服力的，进而剖析原因。其次分析基本犯未遂时结果加重犯的未遂问题。肯定说认为，哪怕加重结果出现，只要基本犯未遂，结果加重犯就未遂。否定说认为，基本犯罪未遂时，只要加重结果出现就既遂。对两种理论进行研究剖析后，本文作者亮出自己支持肯定说的观点。第三，结果加重犯的立法问题。（1）立法状况，关于结果加重犯的总则规定：我国和其他国家一样，也仅仅是在分则规定了结果加重犯的实际应用，并没有在总则部分设立一般性规定；关于结果加重犯的分则规定：笔者认为分则中可能运用结果加重犯进行处罚的表述大致有两种，“致人重伤或死亡”和“致使……重伤或死亡”。（2）立法建议。尽管前辈们针对结果加重犯已经进行了深入的研究，但笔者还是要班门弄斧、斗胆提出些许建议：第一，效仿其他国家的做法在总则中设立专门条款。第二，配备更细致的法定刑。第三，在分则中设立专门条款强调结果加重犯，，更好地指导人们运用条文。
[Abstract]:In view of the consequential aggravation of the result, the general provisions of the general provisions of the criminal law have not been set up in the legislative level of our country, and the actual application of the consequential offense is also stipulated in the sub principles, and the more severe statutory sentences are stipulated for the consequential offense. The essence, the basic structure and the attempted problems of the aggravated offense are also a lot of controversy, and in real life, the results of the consequential offense are emerging in an endless stream, more and more, more and more, and more and more intense, so it becomes particularly important to strengthen the research on the consequential offense, not only because of what is determined by the perpetrator. Crime, how to measure punishment is of great significance, because it relates to the personal freedom of the criminal suspect and even life. In this article, we have studied all kinds of views on the consequential offense of the results of domestic and foreign scholars, and put forward their own views on the basis of the predecessors' research, and the problems related to the consequential offense are suitable. When analyzing and discussing, we hope to draw a complete, clear and reasonable conclusion, and then better guide the judicial practice.
This article mainly includes three parts:
First, the basic problems of the consequential aggravated offense. It introduces the concept definition of the aggravated consequential offense, the essence interpretation, the basic structure and the punishment basis of the consequential aggravated offense in four parts.
(1) the concept of consequential offense is defined. There are three theories in the theoretical circle of the narrow sense, the narrowest sense and the generalized theory. After the analysis of the views of various doctrines, the author highlights his own attitude that supports the broad sense and explains the reasons.
(2) the essential interpretation of the consequential offense. There are three theories: the single form theory excludes the aggravated result from the establishment conditions, and thinks that it is only the cause of the starting of the state's penalty punishment. The theory of compound form considers the aggravated crime as one of the combined offense. The theory of danger is that the essence of the theory of danger is that the essence of the basic behavior is possible. The author analyzes and judges his own views after analyzing and judging the high risk of the results.
(3) the basic structure of the consequential offense. First, the basic criminal act is carried out but the result of the basic result is caused. Secondly, there is a direct causal relationship between the basic criminal behavior of the perpetrator and the result of the aggravation. Again, the perpetrator should have the subjective fault which is imputable to the basic crime and at least have the aggravated result. Finally, the criminal law imposed a heavier statutory penalty on it.
(4) the punishment basis for the consequential offense: first, the author analyses the legislative origin of the consequential offense. Secondly, the author thinks that in the case that the more serious results may be foreseen, the perpetrator still chooses to carry out such a highly dangerous behavior, and the subjective malignancy is larger, which will aggravate the punishment.
Second, the attempted offense of aggravated consequential offense is analyzed in two cases.
First of all, we analyze the attempted problem of aggravated offense when the aggravated result has not occurred. It is affirmative to say that as long as there is no attempt to aggravate the result, the negative theory holds that the aggravated result does not occur is not the result of aggravated offense, but not the attempt of the consequential offense. The author thinks that the negative theory is more convincing and then dissect the reason.
The second is to analyze the attempted problem of the consequential offense when the basic offense is attempted. It is affirmative that even if the aggravated result appears, as long as the basic offense is attempted and the consequential offense is unaccomplished, the author believes that when the basic crime is attempted, as long as the result is aggravated, the author gives the support of the two theories. The point of view.
Third, the legislative issue of consequential offense.
(1) the legislative situation, the general rule of the consequential offense is that China and other countries, like other countries, only provide the actual application of the consequential offense in the sub principles, and have not set up general provisions in the general provisions; the provisions on the consequential offense of the result: the author thinks that the result may be punished by the consequential offense in the sub rule. There are basically two kinds of "serious injury or death" and "causative, serious injury or death".
(2) legislative proposals. Although the predecessors have conducted in-depth studies on the consequential offense, the author wants to make some suggestions: first, follow the practice of other countries to set up special provisions in the general principles. Second, with more detailed statutory sentences. Third, set up special provisions in the sub rules to emphasize the consequential offense. It is better to guide people to use articles.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D924

【参考文献】