试论水上交通肇事行为的刑法规制

发布时间：2018-05-22 18:47

本文选题：交通肇事罪 + 水上交通肇事行为　；参考：《中国社会科学院研究生院》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：我国水运历史悠久,江河岛屿众多,拥有大陆海岸线一万八千多公里。由于水上运输具有低成本、运输货物批量大和能远距离运输的优点,水上运输业是我国交通运输中不可或缺的一种主要运输方式。但随着船舶数量不断增多,船舶技术的不断提高和航行密度、速度的不断加快,水上交通事故的发生概率也随之增大。水域环境复杂的特殊性和船舶本身的特点决定了水上运输存在高风险性,一旦发生水上交通事故,往往都会将造成人员死亡、财产损失、环境污染等严重的危害后果,具有极大的社会危害性。我国目前对水上交通事故构成犯罪需要追究刑事责任的,适用的是刑法及有关司法解释关于交通肇事罪的相关规定。虽然刑法关于交通肇事罪的规定具有水上交通肇事罪的适用基础,但水上交通事故毕竟不同于道路交通事故,由于其特殊性导致在司法实践过程中,出现了诸多的法律适用难题,进而导致执法、司法当中的一系列问题。为了尝试解决这一难题,本文从水上交通肇事行为的现状、概念、特点入手,深入分析水上交通肇事行为在适用交通肇事犯罪行为相关法律法规过程中存在的一系列问题,比如关于人员失踪如何定性、肇事逃逸率高、碰撞船舶溢油污染环境如何处罚和与道路上交通肇事采用同样的量刑标准是否会导致实质上的不公等问题。并在借鉴成功立法经验的基础上,提出将人员失踪比照致人死亡作为危害后果进行量刑,严格规制水上交通肇事逃逸行为,对碰撞船舶溢油污染问题作为危害后果明确规定,提高对水上交通肇事罪的入刑及量刑标准,适时修改司法解释等对策,力求解决上述问题,为尽力避免和预防水上交通肇事行为尽一份微薄之力。
[Abstract]:China has a long history of water transportation, many rivers and islands, with a continental coastline of more than 18000 kilometers. Because of the advantages of low cost, large quantity and long distance transportation, water transportation is an indispensable transportation mode in China. However, with the increasing of the number of ships, the continuous improvement of ship technology and the speed of navigation, the probability of water traffic accidents also increases. The complex particularity of the water environment and the characteristics of the ship itself determine the high risk of water transportation. Once a water traffic accident occurs, it will often result in the death of people, loss of property, environmental pollution and other serious harmful consequences. It has great social harmfulness. What our country needs to investigate the criminal responsibility for the crime of waterborne traffic accident is the criminal law and the relevant provisions of the judicial interpretation about the crime of causing traffic accident. Although the provisions of the criminal law on the crime of causing traffic accidents have the applicable basis for the crime of causing traffic accidents on water, the maritime traffic accidents are, after all, different from road traffic accidents. Because of their particularities, they lead to the process of judicial practice. There are many problems in the application of law, which leads to a series of problems in law enforcement and judicature. In order to try to solve this problem, this paper starts with the present situation, concept and characteristics of water traffic accident behavior, and analyzes a series of problems existing in the process of applying the laws and regulations related to traffic accident crime behavior. Such questions as how to characterize missing persons, high escape rate, how to punish oil spill pollution from colliding ships and whether adopting the same sentencing standard as those in road traffic accidents will lead to substantial injustice and so on. On the basis of the experience of successful legislation, this paper puts forward that the missing persons should be sentenced as a result of death, strictly regulate the escape behavior of waterborne traffic accidents, and clearly stipulate the problem of oil spill pollution from colliding ships as the harmful consequences. In order to solve the above problems, we should improve the standard of punishment and sentencing for the crime of causing accidents on water traffic, modify the judicial explanation in good time, and do our best to avoid and prevent the crime of causing accidents on water traffic.
【学位授予单位】：中国社会科学院研究生院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D924.3

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