帮助行为正犯化现象的教义学反思及限缩

发布时间：2018-05-28 08:35

本文选题：帮助行为 + 正犯概念　；参考：《海南大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：风险社会之下,扩张构成要件的共犯正犯化模式已然成为当今大陆法系刑事立法之趋势,《刑法修正案(九)》增设的帮助信息网络犯罪活动罪便是此种立法趋势的集中体现。帮助行为正犯化的入罪模式虽具有理论和现实依据,但实行行为定型性的缺乏导致此种立法有违罪刑法定之嫌。不论是出于量刑均衡、还是化解网络共犯犯意联络的困境抑或保护重大法益之一般预防之动因,进行帮助行为正犯化立法都须审慎度之。帮助行为正犯化立法应构建在弥补共犯教义学缺陷之上,可上述困境到底是共犯理论的固有缺陷造成还是对共犯教义学缺乏深入思考引起,仍是一个有待研究的课题。为此,笔者尝试从法教义学视野化解上述困境,并针对现存的此种立法现象的构成要件进行规范诠释,以期为我国学界长期致力于消除的"李斯特鸿沟"在此共犯问题上提供合理解释路径。围绕上述问题的解决,本文从四个部分展开论述。第一章基于两个部分廓清帮助行为正犯化的存在根基。第一部分通过研析大陆法系正犯概念的路径论述帮助行为正犯化现象的存在前提,得出此种立法现象在限制正犯概念下的实质正犯论基础上因应而生。第二部分在共犯处罚根据视阈内论述帮助行为的可罚性根据,在厘清各学说利弊之基础上得出帮助行为的固有违法性为此种立法现象的产生奠定根基。第二章于规范层面对帮助行为正犯化现象进行巡检,以此分析其立法动因。第一节笔者梳理我国刑事立法和司法制度中存在的此种现象,探求其在我国刑法体系中的特点。第二节在上述基础上分析此种现象的立法动因,得出此种立法现象主要缘起于解决共犯现实适用危机和积极一般预防两大目的。第三章在法教义学视阈内对帮助行为正犯化现象进行省思,提出此现象存在在理论层面造成共犯教义学的体系性弊端和在现实层面引发与关联犯罪帮助行为的区分困境。第四章分两部分论述如何在法教义学视野内消除上述传统共犯适用困境及为立法者提供适用此种立法规范的缩限路径。第一部分修正传统共犯理论,双层次评价体系可解决帮助犯的量刑问题,共犯的犯意联络及实行行为违法性不足时帮助行为的入罪难题在行为共同说与最小从属性说理论框架下可得到圆说。第二部分通过对帮助信息网络犯罪活动罪中的主观要素"明知"和客观要素"犯罪"进行规范解读廓清该罪的入罪界限问题,从而达到缩限此类规范适用范围的目的。
[Abstract]:Under the risk society, the mode of complicity in the expansion of constitutive elements has become the trend of criminal legislation in the civil law system. The crime of helping information network criminal activities added in the Criminal Law Amendment (9) is the concentrated embodiment of this legislative trend. Although there is a theoretical and practical basis for the crime pattern of helping the behavior to commit the crime, the lack of the stereotyped behavior results in such legislation being contrary to the legality of the crime. Whether it is due to the balance of sentencing, or to resolve the dilemma of network accomplice criminal intention contact or to protect the general prevention of major legal interests, it is necessary to be cautious in legislation on the principal offense of aiding behavior. The legislation of aiding principal offense should be based on making up the defects of accomplice dogmatics, but whether the above dilemma is caused by the inherent defects of accomplice theory or the lack of deep thinking on accomplice dogmology is still a subject to be studied. Therefore, the author tries to resolve the above dilemma from the perspective of legal dogmatics, and carries out normative interpretation of the constituent elements of this kind of legislative phenomenon. In order to provide a reasonable way to explain the problem of accomplice, Liszt chasm, which Chinese academic circles have been working to eliminate for a long time. Around the above-mentioned problems, this paper discusses from four parts. The first chapter is based on two parts to clarify the foundation of the existence of aiding behavior. In the first part, by analyzing the path of the concept of principal offender in the continental law system, the author discusses the existence premise of the phenomenon of helping principal offender, and concludes that this kind of legislative phenomenon arises on the basis of the theory of substantial principal crime under the concept of limiting principal offender. The second part discusses the penalty basis of aiding behavior from the angle of view of the punishment of accomplice, and concludes the inherent illegality of aiding act on the basis of clarifying the merits and demerits of each theory, thus laying a foundation for the emergence of this kind of legislative phenomenon. The second chapter carries on the inspection in the normative level to help the behavior principal crime phenomenon, thus analyzes its legislation motive. In the first section, the author combs the existence of this phenomenon in the criminal legislation and judicial system of our country, and explores its characteristics in the criminal law system of our country. The second section analyzes the legislative motivation of this phenomenon on the basis of the above, and draws the conclusion that this kind of legislative phenomenon mainly stems from the two purposes of solving the crisis of practical application of accomplices and active general prevention. In the third chapter, the author ponders the phenomenon of the principal crime of aiding behavior from the perspective of legal dogmatics, and points out that this phenomenon leads to systematic malpractice of complicity dogmatics in theory and to the difficulty of differentiating aiding behavior from related crime in practical level. The fourth chapter is divided into two parts to discuss how to eliminate the dilemma of the traditional accomplice in the field of legal dogmatics and to provide the way for legislators to apply this kind of legislative norm. The first part is to revise the traditional theory of accomplice, and the two-level evaluation system can solve the problem of sentencing. In the theoretical framework of the theory of joint action and the theory of minimum subordinate attribute, the circle theory can be obtained when the accomplice is connected with the criminal intent and the problem of criminalizing the act is not helpful when the illegality of the act is insufficient. The second part clarifies the boundary of the crime by analyzing the subjective element "knowing" and the objective element "crime" in the crime of helping information network criminal activity, so as to limit the scope of application of this kind of norm.
【学位授予单位】：海南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D924.3

【参考文献】