论中立行为犯罪化

发布时间：2018-05-28 15:46

本文选题：中立行为 + 犯罪化　；参考：《安徽财经大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着社会经济的不断发展,一些外表看上去无害与犯罪无关的不追求非法目的的日常生活行为,客观上却对他人的犯罪产生一定的促进作用,刑法理论通常称之为中立行为或者中立的帮助行为。因此类行为具有日常生活性,可替代性等特征,一般不认为是犯罪行为。但现实生活中,越来越多的日常生活行为对他人的犯罪行为产生影响,造成法益侵害的结果,产生一定的社会危害性。刑法理论和实践中大都根据共同犯罪的理论将中立行为作为帮助行为进行认定。若中立行为与犯罪实行行为之间具有关联性,行为人主观上对犯罪行为有所认识,则将该种行为认定为帮助行为似乎无可非议。但是,中立行为能否犯罪化,中立行为犯罪化的认定标准在刑法理论及司法实践中仍存有争议。为了更好的保护法益,适应时代的发展,也为了能保障公民自由,本文对中立行为犯罪化的相关问题进行研究,希望界定出中立行为罪与非罪的界限,明确中立行为犯罪化的认定标准。本文对中立行为的概念进行了界定,将中立行为与共同犯罪理论中的帮助行为区分开来,具体分析中立行为犯罪化过程中存在的理论争议和实践争议。然后分析借鉴大陆法系和英美法系学者关于中立行为犯罪化的学说观点,得出对中立行为可以进行犯罪化处理但应当限制处罚的结论。对中立行为进行犯罪化时应充分考量客观行为的特殊性和社会法益保护之间的利益衡量,依照罪刑法定原则,在排除各项免责事由的基础上才能对中立行为作犯罪化的处理。对中立行为犯罪化的认定标准在客观归责理论的基础上综合考察行为人的主观方面和客观方面。中立行为犯罪化的客观认定标准是依据客观归责理论判断中立行为是否制造并实现了法所不允许的危险。若制造并实现了法所不允许的危险,且危害结果发生在犯罪构成要件的效力范围内,则符合犯罪成立的客观要件。中立行为犯罪化的主观认定标准是对中立行为的认识因素和意志因素进行考察。中立行为成立帮助犯应当以行为人主观上明知犯罪实行行为的存在为前提,然后需要具备促进他人犯罪行为的故意为意志因素才能认定中立行为人具备中立行为犯罪化的主观因素。将主客观方面相结合,共同作为认定中立行为犯罪化的标准。本文最后从商品销售行为,运输服务行为,网络服务行为以及履行民事义务行为等几种具体中立行为犯罪化分析来验证上述认定标准的合理性。
[Abstract]:With the continuous development of social economy, some daily life behavior, which does not seem to be harmless to crime, does not pursue illegal purposes, but objectively promotes the crime of others. The theory of criminal law is usually called neutral or neutral help. Therefore, the class behavior has the daily life, replaceable and so on. Characteristics, generally do not think of crime, but in real life, more and more daily life behavior has an impact on the criminal behavior of others, resulting in the result of the infringement of legal benefits, producing certain social harmfulness. In the theory and practice of criminal law, most of the criminal theory and practice based on the theory of common crime as a neutral act as a help behavior. If neutrality is neutral. There is a relationship between behavior and the act of crime, and the actor has a subjective understanding of the criminal behavior, and it seems to be unreputed as a help act. However, whether the neutral act can be criminalization, the standard of neutralization of neutrality is still controversial in the criminal law theory and the practice of the law. In order to adapt to the development of the times and to guarantee the freedom of the citizens, this paper studies the related issues of the criminalization of neutral behavior, and hopes to define the boundary between the crime of neutrality and the non crime and the identification of the criminalization of neutrality. This article defines the concept of neutral behavior, and will help the neutral behavior and the theory of common crime help. It analyzes the theoretical and practical disputes that exist in the process of criminalization of neutrality, and then analyzes the theoretical views on the criminalization of neutral behavior by the civil law and Anglo American law scholars, and draws the conclusion that the neutrality can be criminalized but should be limited to the penalty. In the case of guilt, we should consider the particularity of the objective behavior and the measure of the interests between the protection of social legal interests. In accordance with the principle of legal punishment, the neutralization of the neutral act can be dealt with on the basis of the exclusion of various disclaimers. In view and objective aspects, the objective criterion for criminalization of neutral behavior is to judge whether the neutrality is made by the objective imputation theory and realize the danger that the law does not allow. If the danger is not allowed by the law, and the result of the harm occurs within the scope of the validity of the constitutive elements of the crime, it is in conformity with the objective of the crime. The subjective criteria for criminalization of neutral behavior are the investigation of the cognitive factors and will factors of neutral behavior. The neutral behavior should be based on the existence of the behavior of the subjective aware of the crime by the actor, and then it needs to have the intentional factor of willpower to promote the criminal behavior of others to identify the neutral behavior. People have the subjective factors of criminalization of neutral behavior. It combines the subjective and objective aspects as the standard for criminalization of neutral behavior. This article finally proves the combination of several specific neutral lines, such as commodity sales behavior, transport service behavior, network service behavior and the performance of civil obligations. Reason.
【学位授予单位】：安徽财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D924.3

【参考文献】