故意泄露军事秘密罪的军事刑法规制反思

发布时间：2018-05-31 12:59

本文选题：军事秘密 + 故意泄露　；参考：《吉林大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：依法治军、从严治军作为“全面推进依法治国”基本方略的重要组成部分,为切实保障国家利益和国防利益指明了方向。为了更好地保障我国的国家利益和国防利益,我国《刑法》对军人违反职责的行为规定了较为严厉的刑事责任,从而构成了我国军事刑法的重要组成部分,在一定程度上保障了军人的人身权益。金戈铁马靠律治,这是古今中外在军队发展进程中所总结的铁律,军事刑法权从军事统率权中脱离出来是成为历史发展的必然结果,军事刑法依附于普通刑法,构成一般法与特别法的理性定位。其中,泄露军事秘密的行为,特别是故意泄露军事秘密的行为对我国的国家利益和国防利益的危害越来越引起社会各界的广泛关注。军事秘密是军事刑法的一个重要的概念,其属于国家秘密在军事领域的直接体现,在战争时期因为军事秘密被泄露以致造成战斗失败和战役失利的状况比比皆是,现今和平的国际环境中因为军事秘密被泄露致使国家在政治和外交斗争中陷于被动状态的情况也是屡见不鲜。反观我国现有的刑事立法和刑事司法状况却存在诸多的问题,故此,有必要在明晰故意泄露军事秘密相关概念和特征的基础上,对我国故意泄露军事秘密罪中包括立法和司法层面的完善。由于军事刑法和普通刑法的特殊关系,即军事刑法规范属于刑法的重要组成部分,要求军事法学界在进行相关罪名研究时必须站在刑法的现有立法体系下,在明确故意泄露军事秘密罪的犯罪本质的基础上开展故意泄露军事秘密罪的军事刑法的规制研究。首先需要明确故意泄露军事秘密罪军事刑法规制的前提性问题,即军事刑法与刑法的理性定位和故意泄露军事秘密的概念界定问题,其次是在我国现有刑事法规范的基础上,反思故意泄露军事秘密罪的犯罪构成,以军事司法实践中对本罪的认定思路为线索,从故意泄露军事秘密的犯罪客体、客观方面到主体、主观方面,对故意泄露军事秘密罪进行规范刑法学意义上的剖析,对其中出现的军事司法认定标准提出相应的观点支撑。通过上述两个部分的军事刑法规制的前提性论述,发现司法实践中在罪名适用中存在的更深层次问题。既有诸如并合式立法模式等立法层面的制度设计缺陷,也有诸如定罪量刑难统一等司法适用中的原则阙如,通过对这些立法、司法的反思,提出在立法模式、刑法解释、价值和原则补充到军事刑法规制理念等方面的规制策略,更好地保障我国的军事利益,以期更好地实现军事正义的军事刑法目标。
[Abstract]:As an important part of the basic strategy of "comprehensively promoting the rule of law", administering the army according to law and strictly administering the military has pointed out the direction for ensuring the interests of the state and national defense. In order to better protect the national and national defense interests of our country, the Criminal Law of our country stipulates more severe criminal liability for military personnel who violate their duties, thus constituting an important part of our military criminal law. To a certain extent, the personal rights and interests of soldiers were protected. This is the iron law summed up in the course of military development at all times and all over the world. It is the inevitable result of historical development that the power of military criminal law is separated from the power of military command, and the military criminal law is attached to ordinary criminal law. Constitute the rational orientation of general law and special law. Among them, the behavior of divulging military secrets, especially intentionally divulging military secrets, has caused more and more attention to the national interests and national defense interests of our country. Military secret is an important concept of military criminal law. It belongs to the direct embodiment of state secret in the military field. In times of war, because of the leakage of military secret, the situation of losing battle and losing battle is everywhere. In today's peaceful international environment, it is common to see a country in a state of passivity in political and diplomatic struggle because of the leakage of military secrets. On the contrary, there are many problems in our country's present criminal legislation and criminal judicature. Therefore, it is necessary to clarify the concepts and characteristics of intentionally revealing military secrets. The crime of intentionally divulging military secrets in our country includes the perfection of legislation and judicature. Because of the special relationship between the military criminal law and the ordinary criminal law, that is, the military criminal law norm is an important part of the criminal law, it is required that the military law circles must stand under the existing legislative system of the criminal law when carrying out the research on the related charges. On the basis of clarifying the criminal nature of the crime of intentionally divulging military secrets, this paper studies the regulation of the crime of intentionally divulging military secrets. Firstly, it is necessary to make clear the presupposition of the regulation of military criminal law on the crime of intentionally divulging military secrets, that is, the rational orientation of military criminal law and the definition of the concept of intentional disclosure of military secret, and secondly, on the basis of the existing criminal law norms of our country. Reflecting on the criminal constitution of the crime of intentionally divulging military secrets, taking the idea of this crime in military judicial practice as the clue, from the object of the crime of intentionally divulging the military secret, from the objective aspect to the subject and subjective aspect, This paper analyzes the crime of intentionally divulging military secrets in the sense of criminal law, and puts forward the corresponding viewpoints to support the standard of military judicial cognizance. Through the foreword discussion of the above two parts of the military criminal law, the author finds out the deeper problems in the application of the charges in the judicial practice. There are not only some defects in the system design in the legislative level, such as the combined legislative model, but also the lack of the principles of judicial application such as the difficulty in the unification of conviction and sentencing. Through the reflection of these legislations and the judicature, the author puts forward the legislative model and the criminal law interpretation. The value and principle complement the regulation strategy of the concept of military criminal law, so as to better protect the military interests of our country and realize the military criminal law goal of military justice better.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D924.3;E266

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