利用信息网络编造传播虚假信息行为刑法规制研究

发布时间：2018-05-31 13:12

本文选题：信息网络 + 虚假信息　；参考：《华东政法大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：互联网已成为人们生活不可分割的一部分,利用信息网络编造、传播虚假信息的行为往往会导致社会秩序的严重混乱,甚至引发群体性事件的发生,具有严重的社会危害性。以寻衅滋事罪处罚该行为破坏了刑法的规范性、协调性,致使公民表达言论的自由受到实质的损害,因此利用信息网络编造、传播虚假信息行为急需刑法的合理应对。从利用信息网络编造、传播虚假信息行为这一现象产生的原因、特点以及传播模式等方面出发,结合刑法的基本理论对该问题进行系统的研究,不仅能够对具有严重社会危害性的此类行为予以打击,实现刑法的法益保障机能,而且能够坚守法治的底线保障公民的言论自由,实现刑法的自由保障机能。本文共分五个部分。第一部分结合现实中出现的真实案例,对实践中以寻衅滋事罪处理的利用信息网络编造、传播虚假信息行为的做法进行分析检讨。利用信息网络编造、传播虚假信息的行为是随着互联网的兴起而出现的新现象,具有成本低廉、传播速度快、范围广、互动性强、雪球效应、网络群体极化现象、无事前监管等特征。这些特征使原本严密的刑事法网产生了裂缝,调整刑法以更好的规制此种行为就变得十分必要。第二部分从刑事政策的角度,对利用信息网络编造、传播虚假信息行为进行全面的分析研究,进而提出应对该行为应然的刑事政策。编造、传播虚假信息行为作为一种社会现象由来已久,从历史发展和人类文明进步的角度看,此种行为的存在有其自身的合理性,希望通过刑罚威慑的手段予以根除不仅是不理性的的,也是不可能的。社会科学对此种现象产生的原因、特点以及传播规律有了深入的研究,这些研究成果有助于从技术层面上将此类现象限制在可控制的范围内。应对此种行为的刑事政策不能损害公民的言论表达权,而应当注重技术手段的运用,同时注重从制度层面上解决问题。刑法则应当“坚守本分”,恪守其谦抑性,理性应对。第三部分主要研究利用信息网络编造、传播虚假信息行为侵犯的客体。相关司法解释将利用信息网络编造、传播虚假信息行为侵犯的客体界定为“公共秩序”,相反立法草案则将其表述为“社会秩序”。严格的说,公共秩序与社会秩序并不是同一个概念,但是在对二者的使用上我国刑法并没有做明确的区分,因此可以认为利用信息网络编造、传播虚假信息行为的社会危害性在于破坏了社会秩序。此处的社会秩序不能理解为抽象的秩序,而应当是指“公众生活平稳与安宁的状态”,只有破坏了“公众生活平稳与安宁状态”的行为才能认定为破坏了社会秩序。国家机关的形象、社会伦理道德等都不属于此处社会秩序的范畴。尤其需要强调的是,所谓的网络空间秩序也不属于此处的社会秩序,此处的社会秩序仅指现实生活中的秩序,而不能包括网络中虚拟的秩序。第四部分结合实践中出现的案例,对虚假信息与谣言的关系、虚假信息的本质特征以及虚假信息的认定方法进行了全面的分析,以指导司法实践的具体运用。严格的说,谣言与虚假信息并不是同一个概念,虚假信息比谣言的范围更加广泛,但是对于虚假信息的理解和认定中,只能将虚假信息理解为没有根据的消息。虚假信息具有无根据性、具体性、可信性和关联性四个特征。实践中对于虚假信息的认定,首先,要确定该信息属于事实性言论还是观点性言论。其次,判断其是否具有引起社会秩序混乱的可能性。最后,判断该信息有无根据。第五部分对行为人主观方面进行分析。“恶意”并非刑法的规范用语,与我国犯罪构成理论不能兼容,因而不能作为构罪的主观要件。虚假信息传播所具有的信息流瀑等特点使行为人对信息虚假性的“明知”必须是“明确知道”,而不包括“或知”。以此从主观上对刑法打击的范围予以限缩,从而能够更加有效地保障公民的言论表达权。
[Abstract]:The Internet has become an inseparable part of people's life. The use of information network to make up and disseminate false information often leads to the serious confusion of the social order, even the occurrence of group events, and has serious social harmfulness. The freedom of the people's expression of speech is seriously damaged. Therefore, the use of information network to make up and disseminate false information urgently needs a reasonable response to the criminal law. The reasons, characteristics and mode of communication are produced from the use of information network to create and disseminate false information, and the basic theory of criminal law is applied to this issue. The research of the unification can not only combat such acts with serious social harmfulness, realize the legal benefit guarantee function of the criminal law, but also stick to the bottom line of the rule of law to guarantee the freedom of speech of the citizens and realize the free guarantee function of the criminal law. This article is divided into five parts. The practice of making use of information network to create and disseminate false information is analyzed and reviewed. The use of information network to make up the false information is a new phenomenon along with the rise of the Internet. It has low cost, fast spread, wide scope, strong interaction, snowball effect and network polarization. These characteristics make the original strict criminal law net crack. It is necessary to adjust the criminal law to better regulate this kind of behavior. The second part, from the angle of criminal policy, makes a comprehensive analysis and Research on the use of information network to create and disseminate false information, and then puts forward that the behavior should be dealt with. The criminal policy, making up and disseminating false information acts as a social phenomenon for a long time. From the perspective of historical development and the progress of human civilization, the existence of this kind of behavior has its own rationality. It is not only irrational and impossible to eradicate through the means of deterrence of punishment. The causes, characteristics and laws of communication have been studied deeply. These research results help to restrict this kind of phenomenon from the technical level to the controllable range. The criminal policy of dealing with this kind of behavior can not damage the right of speech and expression of citizens, but should pay attention to the use of technical hand and pay attention to the system level. The third part mainly studies the object of making use of information network to create and disseminate the object of the infringement of false information behavior. The relevant judicial interpretations will make use of the information network to make the object as "public order", but the draft legislative draft will be the "public order". It is expressed as "social order". Strictly speaking, public order and social order are not the same concept, but in the use of the criminal law of China in the use of the two, there is no clear distinction. Therefore, it can be considered that the social harmfulness of the use of information network and the social harm of spreading false information is to destroy the social order. It can not be understood as an abstract order, but it should be referred to as "the state of stable and peaceful public life". Only by destroying the "stable and peaceful state of public life" can be identified as destroying the social order. The image of the state organs, the social ethics and morality do not belong to the category of the social order. The so-called network space order does not belong to the social order here. The social order here only refers to the order in the real life, but can not include the virtual order in the network. The fourth part combines the cases in the practice, and carries out the relationship between false information and rumors, the essential features of false information and the method of identifying false information. Comprehensive analysis to guide the specific application of judicial practice. Strictly speaking, rumors and false information are not the same concept, false information is more extensive than the scope of rumor, but for the understanding and identification of false information, false information can only be understood as unfounded message. False information is unfounded, concrete, concrete. Four characteristics of credibility and relevance. In practice, the identification of false information, first of all, to determine whether the information is a factual or opinion statement. Secondly, to judge whether it has the possibility of causing confusion in the social order. Finally, to judge whether the information has a basis. The fifth part analyses the subjective aspects of the perpetrator. "Malice". It is not the standard term of criminal law, which is incompatible with the theory of the constitution of crime in our country, and therefore can not be used as the subjective element of the crime. The characteristics of the information flow waterfall, such as the waterfall of the false information dissemination, make the perpetrator "clear knowledge" of the information falsehood, and not include "or knowledge". We should limit it so as to protect citizens' right of speech and expression more effectively.
【学位授予单位】：华东政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D924

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