论侵犯公民个人信息犯罪立法完善

发布时间：2018-06-02 20:27

本文选题：侵犯公民个人信息犯罪 + 出售　；参考：《广东财经大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：“个人信息”在日常生活中的价值不断被挖掘使得实际生活中侵犯个人信息的行为逐渐地多发，为了遏制“个人信息”的滥用，我国于2009对侵犯公民个人信息的行为进行了正式的、专门的刑法评价，规定了侵犯个人信息行为具有刑事违法性。文章第一部分，主要对侵犯公民个人信息犯罪进行全面的解读。首先，剖析其概念，对其定义方式有：形式定义与实质定义两种方式。这两种定义方式各有利弊，为了更好的定义该类罪，笔者认为应该采取折中的方式定义，将形式与实质定义中合理的成份提取出来，综合定义该类罪。其次，分析其特征。该类犯罪行为表现出了与其他犯罪行为共有的特点之外还表现出了其个性，通过对这些“个性”的总结，明确完善对侵犯公民个人信息犯罪立法的重要性。再则，划分其种类。明确不同行为主体，行为方式以及行为对象在该类罪中的体现，，深入理解侵犯公民个人信息犯罪。文章第二部分主要是分析现有侵犯公民个人信息犯罪立法上不足：包括犯罪主体局限性与模糊性，犯罪对象局限性与不确定性，犯罪客观方面包括行为方式规定狭隘，行为违法性之法不明确，情节严重之程度模糊不明。文章第三部分，则主要是介绍域外对侵犯公民个人信息犯罪的规定，从犯罪构成的要素出发，分析其犯罪构成要素，提出域外的法律关于侵犯公民个人信息犯罪的规定对我国的启示意义。文章第四部分，也是文章最重要的部分，主要是提出我国侵犯公民个人信息犯罪的刑事立法完善建议。就犯罪主体而言，建议区分自然人与单位主体，划分单位工作人员主体在该类罪中各具体罪名中的地位，扩大该类罪自然人犯罪主体，将非权力机关、金融、电信等单位工作人员涵盖其中，明确单位“等”字概念；就犯罪对象而言，建议明确个人信息含义，明确保护范围；就犯罪客观方面而言，将涉及公民个人信息的行为分为三个环节：“信息采集—信息传输—信息利用”，分别对在不同的环节上可能出现的侵犯公民个人信息行为进行规制，尽可能的避免刑法规制的空缺，现实对个人信息的全面保护；确定情节严重的认定标准，避免出现“灰色地带”；正所谓“法之所规，人之所从”，完善对公民个人信息的保护性立法，明确界定“违法性”概念。文章第五部分为结语，总结整篇文章的内容，将文章的各个部分串联起来明确写作思路，重申写作的目的是完善公民个人信息犯罪刑事立法，为司法实践活动中该类罪的法律适用提供支持。
[Abstract]:The value of "personal information" in daily life is constantly being excavated, which makes the behavior of infringing personal information more and more frequent in real life, in order to curb the abuse of "personal information". In 2009, our country carried on the formal, special criminal law evaluation to the behavior of infringing the personal information of citizens, which stipulated that the act of infringing personal information has criminal illegality. The first part of the article mainly analyzes the crime of infringing citizens' personal information. First of all, it analyzes its concept and defines it in two ways: formal definition and substantive definition. In order to better define this kind of crime, the author thinks that we should adopt the eclectic way, extract the reasonable elements in the form and substance definition, and comprehensively define this kind of crime. Secondly, it analyzes its characteristics. This kind of criminal behavior has the common characteristics with other criminal acts, and it also shows its personality. Through the summary of these "personalities", the importance of perfecting the legislation on the crime of infringing citizens' personal information is clear and perfect. Thirdly, it is divided into categories. Make clear the embodiment of different behavior subject, behavior way and behavior object in this kind of crime, and deeply understand the crime of infringing citizen's personal information. The second part of the article mainly analyzes the deficiency of the existing legislation on the crime of infringing the personal information of citizens: including the limitation and fuzziness of the subject of the crime, the limitation and uncertainty of the object of the crime, the objective aspect of the crime including the narrow stipulation of the behavior mode. The law of illegality is unclear, and the degree of seriousness of the action is unclear. In the third part of the article, it mainly introduces the provisions of the crime of infringing citizens' personal information outside the country, and analyzes the elements of the crime from the point of view of the elements of the constitution of the crime. This paper puts forward the enlightening significance of the extraterritorial laws on the crime of infringing on citizens' personal information. The fourth part of the article is the most important part of the article, mainly put forward our criminal legislation against citizens' personal information crime to improve the proposal. As far as the subject of crime is concerned, it is suggested to distinguish between the natural person and the unit subject, to divide the status of the unit staff subject in each specific crime, to expand the crime natural person crime subject, and to divide the non-power organ and finance. The personnel of units, such as telecommunications, are covered by the concept of the word "unit"; as far as the object of the crime is concerned, it is suggested that the meaning of personal information should be clarified and the scope of protection should be clearly defined; as far as objective aspects of the crime are concerned, The behavior involving citizen's personal information is divided into three links: "information collection, information transmission and information utilization", which respectively regulate the possible violation of citizen's personal information in different links. As far as possible to avoid the vacancy of criminal law regulation, the reality of the comprehensive protection of personal information; to determine the criteria for the determination of serious circumstances, to avoid the emergence of "gray zone"; Perfect the protective legislation on citizen's personal information and define clearly the concept of illegality. The fifth part of the article is the conclusion, summarizes the entire article content, will each part of the article link up clear writing thought, reiterates the writing goal is to consummate the citizen personal information crime criminal legislation, To provide support for the legal application of this kind of crime in judicial practice.
【学位授予单位】：广东财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D924.3

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