论背信罪及其在我国刑法中的增设

发布时间：2018-06-04 14:53

本文选题：背信行为 + 他人处理事务　；参考：《华东政法大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着我国经济水平的提高,社会分工的不断发展以及经营权所有权分离的现代企业组织的建立,信任义务成为市场繁荣必须之零部件。在现今经济活动中,侵犯财产权和破坏市场良好运行机制的背信行为呈愈演愈烈之势。背信罪就是指行为人在为他人处理事务过程中违反与委托人之间的信任关系,使得委托人财产性利益受损由刑法进行规制的犯罪。背信罪在德日等国刑法中是个常见的罪名,但我国并未在刑法内规定背信罪,对背信犯罪行为因为刑法未有规定背信之罪而无从对其进行刑罚惩罚。我国刑法理论界对背信罪的相关理论研究较少且都偏重于对德日之背信罪进行介绍与对比,直接对该罪本身之结构与本质进行的研究并不多。德国和日本对背信罪在立法和司法方面的实践与理论经验丰富且对该罪之理论研究也颇有心得,故对德日背信罪之立法情况、犯罪构成要件及对背信本质相关学说的分析研究,对于正确界定何为背信之本质,何为背信行为,准确认定我国刑法内带有背信特征之犯罪,了解我国背信犯罪之立法缺陷以及科学建构并完善我国之背信犯罪立法体系具有重要之作用。文章之研究目的,是通过对背信罪的概念介绍与该罪本质之各学说分析,并在对德日刑法背信罪构成要件之分析的基础之上,归纳出背信之行为模式,对我国刑法中之背信犯罪立法不足之处进行分析总结,进而对背信罪之立法改进提出相应之建议,以期在我国刑法规范内对背信犯罪行为进行有效之规制。全文共分四章:第一章是从宏观性的角度对背信罪进行说明。本章首先对背信罪的基本概念以及本质进行了详细的介绍,并在此基础上,对德日之背信罪的立法沿革以及构成要件作出完整的阐述,从而为下文对背信行为之分析以及我国刑法内之背信犯罪认定打下基础。第二章是全文重点,对背信行为作出详细分析。首先对关于背信行为概念上的理解之差异作出厘清,并分析各中概念之存在差异性,并在此基础上对背信行为之概念进行清晰界定;其此对背信行为之特征进行了分析归纳,对“为他人处理事务”及“诚实信任关系”这些背信罪中的重要概念都作出了界定。第三章是对我国背信犯罪之立法进行了阐述,结合对背信行为的认定标准,总结我国刑法存在一定量的特殊背信罪,系统阐明了我国特殊背信罪之特点,进而对我国背信犯罪立法存在之罪名无体系性、立法被动滞后以及过于保护国有财产的问题进行了分析。第四章是论述对我国背信罪之完善并构建动态平衡的背信罪之立法体系,内容主要为围绕增设普通背信罪之相关问题及普通背信罪之条文设置。对于普通背信罪之增设,应在分析出其立法之必要性的基础上就相关问题在具体条款设定时要注意把握法条之抽象概括性与用语精确明晰之平进行说明,并在立法中对构成要件进行设计并协调好与现有之特殊背信罪的之关系;另一方面,普通背信罪之刑罚设计应在综合考虑特殊背信罪及一些列情况下保持相对之科学合理的刑罚设置。
[Abstract]:With the improvement of our economic level, the continuous development of the social division of labor and the establishment of modern enterprise organization, the obligation of trust has become the necessary part of the market prosperity. In the current economic activities, the breach of the property rights and the damage to the good operating mechanism of the market is becoming more and more intense. The perpetrator violates the trust relationship with the client in the process of dealing with other people, which makes the property interests of the principal damaged by the criminal law. The crime of breach of trust is a common crime in the criminal law of Germany and Japan, but our country does not stipulate the crime of breach of trust in the criminal law, and the breach of the criminal law has not been stipulated in the criminal law. In our criminal law theory, the theoretical circles of our criminal law have little research on the related theory of the crime of betrayal and both emphasize on the crime of breach of trust in Germany and Japan. The study on the structure and nature of the crime itself is not much. The practice and theoretical experience of the crime of breach of trust in the legislation and judicature in Germany and Japan The theoretical study of the crime is also very good. Therefore, the legislative situation of the crime of trust in Germany and Japan, the constitutive requirements of the crime and the analysis of the theory of the essence of the breach of trust, to correctly define what is the essence of the breach of trust, what is the breach of trust, the accurate identification of the crime of the back letter in our criminal law and the legislation of our country's breach of trust crime The purpose of this article is to analyze the concept of the crime of breach of trust and the essence of the crime, and to sum up the behavior pattern of the breach of trust on the basis of the analysis of the constitutive requirements of the crime of breach of trust in Germany and Japan, and to the criminal law of our country. This paper makes an analysis and summary of the shortcomings of the legislation of the crime of betrayal, and then puts forward some corresponding suggestions on the legislative improvement of the crime of breach of trust in order to regulate the criminal offences in the criminal law of our country effectively. The full text is divided into four chapters: the first chapter is the explanation of the crime of breach of trust from the perspective of macroscopical nature. The essence has been introduced in detail, and on this basis, the legislative evolution and the constitutive requirements of the crime of breach of trust in Germany and Japan are fully expounded, so as to lay the foundation for the analysis of the act of betrayal and the confirmation of the breach of trust in our criminal law. The second chapter is the focus of the full text, and makes a detailed analysis of the act of breach of trust. The difference in the understanding of the concept of faith is clarified, and the differences in the existence of the concepts are analyzed. On the basis of this, the concept of the breach of trust is clearly defined, and the characteristics of the breach of trust are analyzed and summarized, and the important concepts in the crime of "dealing with other people" and "honest trust relationship" are made. The third chapter is to define the legislation of the criminal offense in our country, and to sum up the standard of the cognizance of the breach of trust, sum up a certain amount of special breach of trust in the criminal law of our country, and systematically clarify the characteristics of the special offense in our country, and then to the non system of the crimes in the legislation of our country's breach of trust, the lagging behind the legislation and the overdue delay in the legislation. The fourth chapter is to discuss the perfection of the crime of breach of trust in our country and to build a dynamic balance of the legislative system of the crime of breach of trust. The main content is to set up the related issues of the crime of general breach of trust and the provision of the general breach of trust crime. On the basis of the specific provisions of the relevant issues, we should pay attention to grasp the abstract generality of the law and the precise and clear balance of the law, and design and coordinate the relationship between the constitutive requirements and the existing special breach of trust in the legislation; on the other hand, the penalty design of the general breach of faith should take into account the crime of special breach of trust. And relatively scientific and reasonable punishment settings under certain circumstances.
【学位授予单位】：华东政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D924.3

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