将男性纳入强奸罪受害人之立法探析

发布时间：2018-06-21 02:54

本文选题：性权利 + 强奸罪　；参考：《重庆大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：对当代社会个体来说，性自由和性权利是宪法赋予的一项重要的人身权利。性权利具有不可侵犯性，因此，对男性与女性来说，他们的性权利理受到刑法的无差别保护，不应因为性别差异而存在区别对待。从封建社会开始，在漫长的历史发展中，受社会男尊女卑等传统性文化的影响，我们形成了对性犯罪的特定看法，性权利的保护呈单极化发展。在传统刑法理论看来，强奸罪的对象只能由女性构成而不可能为男性。然而在当代社会，随着社会的发展和各种不良思潮的影响，现实生活中一些非典型性侵犯形式和案件大量涌现，男性性自主权利受到侵犯的事实频频出现。但是相应的，在处理这些案件的司法实践中我们发现，我国关于性犯罪的法律规制方面出现了立法盲点，大量男性被害人由于刑法在此处的真空状态，自己的权利无法得到有效和针对性的救济。本文就以这一现实问题作为依托，以性犯罪中男性受害者为切入点，重点讨论对男性性权利进行明确刑法保障的必要性，结合实际，提出将男性纳入强奸罪受害人的立法建议。本文正文在结构上共有五个部分，约二万八千余字。在正文第一部分，作者对我国强奸罪进行了概述。本章从强奸罪的含义和本质特征谈起，从犯罪构成角度讨论我国强奸罪的立法现状，联系实际揭示现行刑法中强奸罪在设置上存在的问题。第二部分主要讨论的是在我国男性遭受不法性侵害的现实状况。作者举出一个具有代表性的男性性侵案件，阐述其在司法审判上出现的疑似判决错位的问题，由此揭示我国刑法在保护男性性权利这一层面上的不足和缺陷。紧接着，作者深入讨论并总结了造成忽视男性性权利保护这一现状的原因。在第三部分，作者从实证和法理两个角度讨论将男性纳入强奸罪受害人范围的必要性。由此得出，对强奸罪进行立法改革，不仅是社会现实发展的必然要求，更是刑法平等保护公民合法权利任务的体现。第四部分作者采用横向比较的方法，，对域外各国和地区的强奸罪刑事立法和改革进行考察。作者翻阅大量材料，以英美法系、大陆法系国家和我国台湾地区关于男性性权利的相关法律为角度，总结了国际上强奸罪立法和改革的趋势，为我国刑法对于强奸罪的设置提供改革的思路和经验。在最后一部分，作者提出了将男性纳入强奸罪对象范围的立法建议，在强奸罪立法上增设一条针对男性性权利保护的特别规定。具体方案操作上从扩大强奸罪的主体和对象范围，模糊性别色彩，客观上扩大强奸行为方式，对性交进行再定义等几个方面上进行改进。另外，作者还建议根据具体情况的差别规定不同的刑责条件，对强奸罪法定刑进行完善。
[Abstract]:To the individual of contemporary society, sexual freedom and sexual right is an important personal right given by the Constitution. Sexual rights are inviolable, therefore, for men and women, their sexual rights are protected indiscriminately by criminal law and should not be treated differently because of gender differences. From the feudal society, in the long history of development, by the influence of traditional culture, such as the superiority of men and women, we formed a specific view of sexual crimes, the protection of sexual rights showed a one-polarization development. In the view of traditional criminal law theory, the object of rape can only be constituted by women and not by men. However, in contemporary society, with the development of society and the influence of various unhealthy thoughts, a large number of atypical infringement forms and cases have emerged in real life, and the fact that male sexual autonomy rights have been violated frequently appears. But correspondingly, in the judicial practice of dealing with these cases, we find that there are legislative blind spots in the legal regulation of sexual offences in our country, and a large number of male victims are in this vacuum due to the criminal law. One's own rights cannot be effectively and purposefully remedied. Based on this realistic problem and taking male victims of sexual crimes as the starting point, this paper focuses on the necessity of clear criminal law protection of male sexual rights, and puts forward some legislative proposals to include men in rape crime victims. There are five parts in the structure of the text, about 28000 words. In the first part of the text, the author summarizes the crime of rape in China. This chapter starts with the meaning and essential characteristics of the crime of rape, discusses the present legislative situation of the crime of rape in our country from the angle of the constitution of the crime, and reveals the problems existing in the establishment of the crime of rape in the current criminal law. The second part mainly discusses the actual situation of male being unlawfully violated in our country. The author cites a representative case of male sexual assault and expounds the problem of suspected mismatch of judgment in the judicial trial, which reveals the shortcomings and defects of Chinese criminal law in protecting male sexual rights. Then, the author discusses and summarizes the reasons for neglecting the protection of male sexual rights. In the third part, the author discusses the necessity of bringing male into the scope of rape victim from the perspective of empirical and legal theory. It is concluded that the legislative reform of the crime of rape is not only the inevitable requirement of the development of social reality, but also the embodiment of the equal protection of citizens' legal rights in criminal law. In the fourth part, the author uses the method of horizontal comparison to investigate the criminal legislation and reform of the crime of rape in foreign countries and regions. From the angle of the relevant laws on male sexual rights in Anglo-American law system, civil law system and Taiwan area, the author summarizes the trend of legislation and reform of rape crime in the world. To provide reform ideas and experience for the establishment of rape crime in criminal law of our country. In the last part, the author puts forward a legislative proposal to bring male into the scope of rape crime, and adds a special provision to protect male sexual rights in rape legislation. The concrete scheme is improved in several aspects, such as enlarging the scope of the subject and object of the crime of rape, blurring the gender color, expanding objectively the way of rape, redefining sexual intercourse and so on. In addition, the author suggests that the statutory punishment of rape should be perfected according to the different conditions.
【学位授予单位】：重庆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D924.3

【参考文献】