贷款诈骗罪研究

发布时间：2018-06-24 04:08

本文选题：贷款诈骗罪 + 非法占有目的　；参考：《河南大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：在市场经济迅速发展的今天,中国的经济发展速度格外突出,对全球产生了重要的贡献。整个世界的金融发展已成为一个体系。可谓是牵一发而动全身。打铁仍需自身硬,为了能够做出更多的贡献以服务社会,首先需要加快我国自身的金融发展。法律是为我国金融领域有条不紊的发展所服务的。更进一步来讲,首先需要对我国自身法律进行查漏补缺从而维护法律的尊严。但是,随着社会的不断发展,对金融领域的正常发展所存在的威胁也是不断增多的。贷款诈骗行为就是其中的一例典型。因此,本文试图对金融发展进程中贷款诈骗行为这一巨大的绊脚石给予综合地分析。全文除引言与结语之外总共分为以下六大部分:第一部分:贷款诈骗罪的立法演变以及研究意义。从建国之初关于金融刑事领域方面的立法状况说开去,直到97年现行刑法的颁布,才把贷款诈骗罪作为一种单独的罪名正式列入刑法典。此举是对诈骗类型的犯罪的进一步细化,从而彻底的划清了与诈骗罪的界限,并且也打破了之前遇到贷款诈骗行为从而不得不按照诈骗罪进行处理的尴尬局面。随着信贷业务的日新月异,贷款诈骗的方式也不断“丰富”。有些贷款诈骗行为按照现有的刑法认定则显得模棱两可。并且,司法实践中,同一行为最终得出不同的判决结果的现象也屡见不鲜。因此,为了能够更好的服务金融领域,则是非常有必要对本罪做进一步的探究。第二部分:贷款诈骗罪的概念与构成要件。该部分通过本罪不同概念的比较进而分析了本罪的犯罪构成要件。首先,对本罪非法占有目的内涵进行了分析,认为本罪的非法占有在刑法意义上是非法所有的意思。另外,对于本罪的成立,上述主观目产生的时间点只能是行为人向金融机构申请贷款之前。并且,这里也分析了以合法手段以及不真实的方式骗取贷款之后进而产生该主观目的,应当如何去认定的问题。笔者认为,按照现有刑法罪名的规定,前者应当以普通的贷款纠纷或侵占罪进行处理。后者以骗取贷款罪论处。对于该主观目的的司法认定中,本文赞同“主客观相一致”学说。这是一个司法推定的过程。通过对行为人所实施的客观行为表现来推定其是否存在该主观心态。对于本罪主体,本节重点分析了单位是否能够列入到本罪主体范围之内。通过不同理论的比较,笔者认同也理解当年立法者为何没把单位列入到此范围。但是现如今,随着我国社会经济成分的日渐成熟,单位实施贷款诈骗现象越来越多,单位纳入到本罪主体范围时机已经成熟。在客观构成要件中重点阐述了连环诈骗行为两种情形的认定以及本罪所侵犯的客体。第三部分:贷款诈骗罪的认定。首先,谈到的是本罪罪与非罪的界定,其核心在于是否在贷款之前存在“非法占有目的”的主观心态。其次,关于共同犯罪可以分为自然人之间的、自然人与单位以及单位与单位三种不同的类型。自然人在我国可分为有身份犯与无身份犯,对于这些相互交叉而形成的不同组合如何认定进行了分析。再次,关于本罪是否存在犯罪未遂形态以及如何进行区分给予了阐述。其中本罪四种完成形态区分的关键是正确把握“着手”与“既遂”两个时间点的认定。关于“着手”应当关注行为是否对所侵犯的法益造成紧迫性的影响。本罪着手的时间点应当是从行为人递交贷款申请之时开始计算。如果这些金融机构并没有因此陷入误区,则不能够认定为刑法意义上的着手。判定本罪是否既遂的关键是看构成要件的齐备与否。第四部分:贷款诈骗罪的刑事责任。该部分重点阐述了在本罪的共同犯罪中对主犯,从犯等不同的量刑主体应当遵循“参与数额说”有区别地追究其刑事责任。其中“数额”对与本罪的量刑上的重要作用因此,笔者探讨了本罪入刑的数额标准问题,即10000为追诉标准。此外,本章还阐述了对于不同的犯罪完成形态的贷款诈骗行为人应当如何量刑的问题。第五部分:国外贷款诈骗犯罪与我国贷款诈骗罪之比较及借鉴。该部分通过对德国、美国、俄罗斯三个具有典型代表性国家的贷款犯罪进行列举从而与我国进行比较,分析不同之处。然后,根据我国具体的社会情况有针对性地汲取。第六部分:贷款诈骗罪的缺陷及其完善。该部分通过对以上第五部分关于我国对本罪的阐述以及与国外贷款犯罪进行比较,从而以当今视角来分析本罪,进而发现关于本罪规定中的不足之处。针对这些不足之处提出了个人的建议。认为现阶段应当把“单位”这一主体纳入到本罪主体范畴。另外,在司法实践中处理共同犯罪时,对于有身份犯者与无身份犯者都是实行犯时,按照“想象竞合与部分犯罪共同说”来进行处理比直接认定有身份犯者为贪污罪更为合适。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of the market economy, the economic development of China is particularly prominent and has made an important contribution to the world. The financial development of the whole world has become a system. It can be described as a whole body. It still needs to be hard to play iron. In order to make more contributions to serve the society, it is necessary to speed up our own gold. The law is to serve the orderly development of the financial field in China. In the first place, the first need to leak and supplement the laws of our country in order to maintain the dignity of the law. However, with the continuous development of the society, the threat to the normal development of the financial field is increasing. Therefore, this paper tries to give a comprehensive analysis of the huge stumbling block of loan fraud in the process of financial development. Apart from the introduction and conclusion, the full text is divided into the following six parts: the first part: the legislative evolution of the crime of loan fraud and the significance of the research. The legislative situation of the face was opened until the promulgation of the current criminal law in the 97 year. The crime of loan fraud was formally included in the criminal code as a separate crime. This is a further refinement of the crime of fraud type, thus thoroughly delimitation of the boundary between the crime of fraud and the previous encounter with the fraud of the loan. The awkward situation of dealing with the crime of fraud. With the rapid development of credit business, the way of loan fraud is constantly "rich". Some loan fraud is ambiguous according to the existing criminal law. And, in judicial practice, the same behavior finally draws different results. In the field of better service finance, it is very necessary to further explore the crime. The second part: the concept and constitutive requirements of the crime of loan fraud. This part analyses the constitutive requirements of the crime through the comparison of the different concepts of the crime. First, the connotation of the illegal possession of the crime is analyzed, and the illegal occupation of the crime is considered. In addition, when the crime is established, the time point of the subjective order is only before the actor applies for a loan to the financial institution. And it also analyzes the question of how to determine the subjective purpose after the legal and unreal way is used to cheat the loan. The author believes that in accordance with the provisions of the existing criminal law, the former should be dealt with by the common loan dispute or the crime of embezzlement. The latter is the crime of cheating the loan. In the judicial determination of the subjective purpose, this article agrees with the theory of "consistency of subjective and objective". This is a process of judicial promotion. For the main body of the crime, this section focuses on the analysis of whether the unit can be included in the subject of the crime. Through the comparison of different theories, the author understands why the legislator did not put the unit in the scope of the current year. But now, with the increasing social and economic components of our country Mature, more and more fraud in the implementation of loans by units, units into the subject of the principal scope of the crime has matured. In the objective constitutive requirements, it focuses on the identification of two cases of fraud and the object of the crime. The third part: the identification of the crime of loan fraud. First, the definition of the crime and the non crime of the crime, the definition of the crime and the crime of the crime, The core is whether there is a subjective mentality of "illegal possession" before the loan. Secondly, the common crime can be divided into three different types between natural persons, natural persons and units and units and units. The analysis of how to identify the crime has been carried out again. Again, it gives a description of whether there is an attempted crime of the crime and how to distinguish it. The key to the distinction between the four forms of the crime is to correctly grasp the identification of the two time points of "start" and "accomplished". The time point of the crime should begin with the beginning of the calculation when the actor submits the loan application. If these financial institutions do not fall into the misunderstanding, they can not be identified as the criminal law. The key to determine whether the crime is accomplished is to see whether the constitutive requirements are ready or not. The fourth part: the crime of loan fraud. Criminal responsibility. This part mainly expounds that in the common crime of the crime, the criminal responsibility of the principal offender, the accessory and other different sentencing subject should follow the "amount of participation". Among them, the amount of "amount" plays an important role in the sentencing of the crime. Therefore, the author discusses the standard of the amount of the crime, that is, 10000 is the pursuit of the crime. In addition, this chapter also expounds the question of how to measure the penalty for the loan fraud of different forms of crime. The fifth part: the comparison and reference of the foreign loan fraud crime and the crime of loan fraud in China. This part includes three typical representative countries in Germany, the United States and Russia. The sixth part, according to the specific social situation of our country, draws on the difference, and then, according to the specific social situation of our country. This crime, and then finds out the inadequacies in the provisions of the crime. In view of these shortcomings, the author puts forward a personal suggestion. It is considered that the main body of the "unit" should be incorporated into the subject category of the crime at the present stage. In addition, when dealing with common crimes in judicial practice, when both the identity and the non identity offenders are committed, according to "think" It is more appropriate to deal with the phenomenon of "concurrence of images and some crimes" than those who directly identify identity offenders.
【学位授予单位】：河南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D924.3

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