虐待罪的立法完善研究

发布时间：2018-06-28 09:52

本文选题：虐待行为 + 身份限制　；参考：《贵州民族大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：虐待罪即《刑法》第260条，其规定的是针对虐待家庭成员的刑罚制度。在文章的第一部分，笔者对虐待罪的概念、构成要件及立法历程进行了简单的介绍。在文章的第二部分，该部分基于虐待罪在适用中产生的以下六个主要问题证成了完善虐待罪的必要性。即：刑法学界对虐待行为概念的把握有缺陷，因为他们忽视了虐待行为的持续性和随意性；虐待罪在权利保护上存有偏颇，因为它仅保护个人免受家庭成员的虐待；虐待罪在入罪门槛上存在不易操作的困惑，因为虐待情节是否恶劣完全取决于司法工作人员的认定，而认定的擅断性和随意性致使“同案不同判”的情形层出不穷，严重损害了刑法的公平性、正义性和权威性；虐待罪的刑罚设置与罪责刑相适应原则不相适应，因为在长期虐待终致被害人重伤、死亡的情形中，施虐者仅被处以轻于其罪责的刑罚；同时，虐待罪的最低刑罚有时甚至低于罪过轻于它的普通过失犯罪的最低刑；而这样的刑罚设置背离了罪责刑相适应的正义诉求；自诉、调解适用于虐待案的现行安排存有消极影响，因为其易导致很多虐待致人重伤、死亡的案件，以及受虐者因不堪受虐而触犯故意伤害罪、故意杀人罪的案件；虐待罪在定罪量刑上轻视精神损害，尽管虐待这种故意对他人肉体、精神进行折磨的不人道行为很容易损害被害人的精神健康，可是我国的《人体损伤程度鉴定标准》并没有对精神损伤予以规定。而上述制度缺陷证成了完善虐待罪的必要性。在文章的第三部分，即完善虐待罪的立法建议中，本文提出了下列建议：破除其“家庭成员”之身份限制，以使其适用于任何人；界定“情节恶劣的”最低要求，，以便于司法机关操作进而实现刑罚的正义性和均衡性；调整刑罚设置以实现罪责刑相适应；拓宽公诉虐待案的范围，以减少以往因虐待而致人重伤、死亡案的数量；设置量刑从重情节制度，以从重处罚那些标显社会危害性大的情形。通过这些完善建议，虐待罪就可以在社会中发挥更大的规范作用了。
[Abstract]:Article 260 of the Criminal Code provides for the punishment system for ill-treatment of family members. In the first part of the article, the author briefly introduces the concept, constitution and legislative process of the crime of maltreatment. In the second part of the article, it is necessary to perfect the crime of maltreatment based on the following six main problems in the application of the crime of maltreatment. That is, the concept of maltreatment in the field of criminal law is flawed, because they ignore the persistence and arbitrariness of the abuse, the crime of abuse is biased in the protection of rights, because it only protects individuals from abuse by family members; The crime of maltreatment is difficult to operate on the threshold of incrimination, because whether the maltreatment is abominable or not depends entirely on the determination of the judicial staff, and the arbitrariness and arbitrariness of the determination result in an endless stream of "different judgments in the same case". It seriously damages the fairness, justice and authority of the criminal law; the penalty setting of the crime of ill-treatment does not conform to the principle of the adaptation of the crime and punishment, because in the case of serious injury and death of the victim caused by the long term abuse, The abuser is punished only with a lesser penalty than his guilt; at the same time, the minimum penalty for the crime of ill-treatment is sometimes lower than the minimum penalty for the offence of ordinary negligence, and such a penalty is set against the just demand of the criminal responsibility and punishment; private prosecution, (B) the negative impact of the existing arrangements applicable to mediation in cases of ill-treatment, as they are prone to lead to many cases of ill-treatment resulting in serious injuries, deaths and cases in which victims of abuse commit wilful injury or wilful homicide as a result of unbearable abuse; The crime of mistreatment belittles mental damage on conviction and sentencing, although this inhumane act of deliberately inflicting physical and mental torture on others can easily harm the mental health of the victim, But our country's human body injury degree appraisal standard does not have the stipulation to the mental injury. And the above system defect evidence has become the necessity of perfecting the crime of maltreatment. In the third part of the article, the legislative proposals to perfect the crime of ill-treatment, the following suggestions are made: to break the status limit of their "family members" so that they can be applied to anyone; and to define the minimum requirements of "aggravated circumstances", In order to facilitate the operation of the judiciary and then realize the justice and balance of the penalty; adjust the penalty set to achieve the punishment of crime and punishment to adapt; broaden the scope of maltreatment cases by public prosecution, in order to reduce the number of cases of serious injury and death caused by ill-treatment in the past; Set up the system of heavier circumstances to punish those cases that are severely harmful to society. Through these perfect suggestions, the crime of abuse can play a more normative role in society.
【学位授予单位】：贵州民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D924.3

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