“风险社会”下抽象危险犯扩张的正当性根据

发布时间：2018-07-03 07:02

本文选题：风险社会 + 抽象危险　；参考：《南京师范大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：社会发展到后工业时期,社会科学技术在给人类带来无尽方便的同时,也带来了各种社会风险,德国著名社会学家乌尔里希·贝克称之为“风险社会”。刑法学界关于我国是否已经进入“风险社会”存在争议。随着我国社会经济的发展,风险充斥着整个社会,而且社会风险所具有的传播性特性也增加了我国的社会风险,这都证明了我国已经进入“风险社会”。为了能最大限度地预防和控制各种潜在的社会风险,世界各国都在刑法中积极的设立抽象危险犯,我国也不例外。抽象危险犯对管理与控制不安全性的风险具有一定的合理性：抽象危险犯可以更周延的保护法益；抽象危险犯对控制公害犯罪具有独特的功能；已显现的社会效果也彰显了抽象危险犯的优势。然而,抽象危险犯理论与传统刑法理论的关系紧张,而且抽象危险犯的过度扩张本身也是一种危险。因此,一方面,应当肯定这种扩张的正当性,另一方面,应当严格限制抽象危险犯扩张的边界。刑法中设立的抽象危险犯可以从三个方面加以限缩：必须确保刑法的最后保障性,对行为入罪持谨慎态度,刑法在设置抽象危险犯时更应充当好守夜人的角色。在立法上,只有具有一般典型危险性的行为才应被立法者考虑；由于抽象危险犯侵害的法益并没有导致实际的损害,所以应配置较轻的法定刑；抽象危险犯的主观罪过应限制为故意。在司法上,抽象危险犯应允许行为人对自己行为不存在抽象危险进行反证。
[Abstract]:In the post-industrial period, the social science technology not only brought endless convenience to human beings, but also brought all kinds of social risks. Ulrich Baker, a famous German sociologist, called it "risk society". There is a dispute about whether our country has entered the "risk society" in the field of criminal law. With the development of our country's social economy, the risk is full of the whole society, and the spreading characteristic of the social risk also increases the social risk of our country, which proves that our country has entered the "risk society". In order to prevent and control all kinds of potential social risks to the maximum extent, countries all over the world actively set up abstract dangerous criminals in criminal law, and our country is no exception. Abstract dangerous crime has certain rationality to the risk of management and control of insecurity: abstract dangerous crime can have more comprehensive protection benefits, abstract dangerous crime has unique function to control public hazard crime; The social effect has also demonstrated the advantage of abstract dangerous crime. However, the relationship between abstract dangerous crime theory and traditional criminal law theory is tense, and the excessive expansion of abstract dangerous crime is also a kind of danger. Therefore, on the one hand, the legitimacy of this expansion should be affirmed, on the other hand, the boundary of expansion should be strictly restricted. The abstract dangerous crime established in the criminal law can be restricted from three aspects: we must ensure the final safeguard of the criminal law, take a cautious attitude towards the crime of behavior incrimination, and the criminal law should play the role of a good night-watchman when setting up the abstract dangerous crime. In legislation, only the behavior with general typical risk should be considered by the legislator, because the legal interests of the abstract dangerous offense do not lead to actual damage, so the lighter legal penalty should be allocated. The subjective sin of abstract dangerous crime should be restricted to intention. In judicature, the criminal of abstract danger should allow the actor to testify against the absence of abstract danger in his own behavior.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D924

【参考文献】