期待可能性在我国刑法中的运用研究

发布时间：2018-07-04 09:09

本文选题：期待可能性 + 刑法理论　；参考：《广西师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：期待可能性理论作为一种刑事法哲学理论,起源于1897年德国法院做出的著名“癖马案”的判例,后在传统大陆法系刑法理论中发展成熟,并在德日等国的刑事实务界得到了较为广泛的运用。期待可能性在内涵上有广义和狭义之分,其关键区别在于对行为人在实施为刑法所评价的具体行为时所处的附随情状有着不同的理解,我们通常说的“期待可能性”一般是指狭义上的。期待可能性有着非常丰富而深厚的理论基础,其价值取向和精神内涵极大地契合了人类生活的基本现实。但要具体判断期待可能性是否存在及其存在程度的大小,却有着行为人标准说、平均人标准说、国家标准说三种不同的学说。各种学说各有优劣,但行为人标准说更契合其价值,故而以行为人标准说为主要内容的综合标准说作为期待可能性理论的衡量标准更为妥当。期待可能性理论是根植于以构成要件符合性、违法性、有责性为内容的传统大陆法系三阶层犯罪构成理论的刑事法哲学理论,而我国一直推行的是以犯罪客体、犯罪客观方面、犯罪主体、犯罪主观方面为内容的四要件犯罪构成理论,故而它在引入我国刑法界时,遭遇了立法上无合适定位的尴尬境地。但缘于期待可能性理论本身伟大的价值内涵及其普世价值的巨大影响力,它不仅影响到对行为人罪与非罪的判定,还会对其量刑产生深远的影响。故而,它在我国的定罪量刑中得到了隐形运用,具体在我国《刑法》的总则、分则以及刑事司法实践中多有体现,但也有违背之处,需要修改完善。与此同时,我们应该看到,有很多人对这种隐形运用的认识存在误区,需要予以纠正。由于中国刑法界缺乏期待可能性理论赖以生存的三阶层犯罪构成理论的土壤,故而在引入期待可能性理论的同时需要格外慎重,既要体现其深厚的价值内涵而不能违背,同时也要摒弃整体将其原版移植到我国犯罪构成理论及《刑法》条文的机械做法。基于此,明智之举应当是尽可能地在我国刑法中贯彻其合理的价值取向和精神内涵,尽力挖掘它对于我国刑法的宏观指导和借鉴作用,使其在我国刑事立法和司法的诸多细节上得以灵活体现。文章围绕期待可能性在我国刑法中的运用情况,首先系统阐述了期待可能性理论的内容,然后对期待可能性在我国刑法中的运用概况作了宏观阐述,接着从刑法总则、刑法分则、司法实践三方面重点介绍和评述期待可能性在我国刑法中的运用情况,每个方面又分别从正反两个方面来阐述,最后针对各方面的运用情况提出完善方向。文章创新之处在于,对期待可能性在我国刑法中的运用情况按照从抽象到具体、宏观到微观,从理论到实际,从总则、分则到司法实践的逻辑作了比较系统地分析:详细分析了期待可能性对于罪与非罪、罪轻罪重的判定原理;结合我国刑法规范实例,不仅介绍了关于期待可能性的有无问题,及其与出罪事由的关系问题,而且分析了关于期待可能性的大小问题,及其与量刑的关系问题;最后针对前文中指出的种种问题提出完善方案。读者通过阅读本文,对期待可能性在我国刑法中的运用情况有更为深刻具体的了解;文中针对期待可能性在我国刑法中运用的完善提出的切实可行的建议,具有很大的科学性和可行性。
[Abstract]:The theory of expectant possibility, as a theory of criminal law, originated from the famous case of the German court of 1897, which has been developed in the criminal law theory of the traditional continental law system, and has been widely used in the criminal practice of Germany and Japan. The key difference is that there is a different understanding of the perpetrator in the implementation of the specific behavior evaluated by the criminal law. The "expectation possibility" we usually say refers to the narrow sense. The expectation possibility has a very rich and profound theoretical basis, and its value orientation and spiritual connotation coincides with the human life. The basic reality of living. But to determine whether the expected possibility exists and the extent of its existence, there are the standards of the perpetrator. The average person standard says that the national standard says three different doctrines. Each theory has its own advantages and disadvantages, but the standard of the actor says it is more consistent with its value, so the standard of the perpetrator is the comprehensive standard of the main content. The theory of expectation possibility is a criminal law philosophy which is rooted in the theory of the three strata of the traditional continental law system, which is based on the conformance of constitutive elements, illegality and responsibility, while our country has been pursuing the object of crime, the objective aspect of the crime, the subject of the crime, the crime. The subjective aspect is the four element crime constitution theory, therefore, when introducing the criminal law of our country, it has encountered an awkward position in legislation without proper positioning, but it is due to the great influence of the great value connotation and universal value of the theory of expectation possibility, which not only affects the judgment of the crime and the non crime of the perpetrator, but also to its quantity. Therefore, it has a profound influence. Therefore, it has been used invisibility in the conviction and sentencing of our country. It is embodied in the general principles of the criminal law, the sub principles and the criminal judicial practice, but there are also violates and needs to be amended and perfected. At the same time, we should see that there are many people who have misunderstandings about this kind of invisible use. Because China's criminal law lacks the soil of the theory of the three strata of criminal constitution that the theory of expectation of possibility is dependent on, it needs to be extra careful while introducing the theory of expectation possibility, which should not only reflect its profound value, but also abandon its original version to the theory of criminal constitution in China. On the basis of this, the wise move should be to carry out its reasonable value orientation and spiritual connotation in our country's criminal law as far as possible, try to excavate its macro guidance and reference to our country's criminal law, so that it can be flexibly embodied in many details of the criminal legislation and judicature in our country. The application of energy in the criminal law of our country first systematically expounds the content of the theory of expectant possibility, and then expounds the general situation of the application of expected possibility in our criminal law, and then introduces and reviews the application of expectation possibility in our criminal law from three aspects of the general principles of criminal law, criminal code and judicial practice. On the other hand, it is expounded from the two aspects of the positive and negative aspects. Finally, it puts forward a perfect direction for the application of all aspects. The innovation of this article is that the application of the expected possibility in the criminal law of our country is compared in accordance with the logic from abstract to concrete, macro to micro, from theory to practice, from general principles to judicial practice. The ground analysis: a detailed analysis of the principle of the determination of the expectation of the possibility of crime and non crime and the weight of the crime of misdemeanor; with an example of the standard of criminal law in our country, it not only introduces the problem of the possibility of expectation, and the relationship with the cause of the offense, but also analyzes the size of the expected possibility, and the relationship with the sentencing, and the final needle. Through reading this article, readers have a more profound and concrete understanding of the application of expected possibility in the criminal law of our country, and the practical and feasible suggestions on the improvement of the expected possibility in the criminal law of our country are of great scientific and feasible.
【学位授予单位】：广西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D924

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