英美刑法的理性人标准及其启示

发布时间：2018-07-05 17:24

本文选题：理性人标准 + 英美刑法　；参考：《中国刑事法杂志》2017年04期

【摘要】：理性人标准是英美刑事司法实践中法官用以判断行为人行为时的心理状态是否合理,从而确定辩护事由是否成立的标准。其适用方法是:将理性人置于行为人行为时的具体情境下,如果理性人也会产生行为人那样的心理状态,辩护理由就成立;反之,则不成立。理性人不是一个具体的人,而是一种法律上拟制的人。拟制的理性人应当以普通人为基础兼吸收行为人的部分个人特征。确定应当吸收行为人哪些个人特征应以"漠视法益理论"为指导,即考察该个人特征是否影响到行为人对法益侵害的避免。理性人标准与我国刑法中判断预见能力有无的类型人标准在构成和功能上无实质性差异,理性人的拟制方法对类型人的构建具有借鉴意义。
[Abstract]:The standard of rational person is the standard that judges use to judge whether the behavior of the perpetrator is reasonable or not in the criminal judicial practice of Anglo-American, so as to determine whether the reason of defense is established or not. The applicable methods are: put the rational person in the concrete situation of the behavior of the actor, if the rational person will also produce the psychological state of the actor, the defense reason will be established; otherwise, it will not hold true. Rational man is not a concrete person, but a kind of legal fictitious person. The fictitious rational person should take the ordinary people as the foundation and absorb part of the individual characteristics of the actor. To determine which individual characteristics should be absorbed by the perpetrator should be guided by "ignoring the theory of legal interests", that is to say, to investigate whether the individual characteristics affect the perpetrator's avoidance of legal interest infringement. There is no substantial difference in constitution and function between the standard of rational person and the standard of type person in criminal law of our country. The fictitious method of rational person has reference significance to the construction of type person.
【作者单位】：河南大学法学院;
【基金】：天津市哲学社会科学规划项目“中美刑法因果关系基础原理与司法认定规则比较研究”(项目编号TJFX12-005)的阶段性研究成果
【分类号】：D914

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