论正当防卫的主观方面

发布时间：2018-07-07 13:29

本文选题：正当防卫 + 防卫意图　；参考：《上海师范大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：正当防卫制度在世界各国的刑事立法、司法和刑法理论中都有重要的地位,并且是各国刑法理论和司法实践中争论的热点。在现代社会,公民自身防卫的权限与既存的法秩序之间的紧张与冲突的解决关系到正当防卫制度的现代价值体系、立法安排与公民对刑法制度忠诚信仰的确立。正当防卫是行为人对不法行为的反击,尽管客观上会造成不法侵害人一定的损害,但由于其行为具有正当性,所以不构成犯罪,属于一种典型的排除犯罪的事由。而正当防卫的正当性不仅表现在客观上对不法侵害的制止,学界一般还从行为人的主观方面,寻求正当性的根据。而对防卫人主观内容的不同要求,则直接影响到正当防卫成立与否。本文除绪论部分外,共分为四个部分,围绕正当防卫制度这一中心逐级展开论述。第一部分针对正当防卫以及正当防卫主观要件的基本含义和内容做了较为细致的阐述,正当防卫的主观要件即防卫意图包括两个方面的内容：防卫认识和防卫目的。并对防卫认识和防卫目的的具体概念以及学术界不同的定义做了较为仔细的陈述。第二部分是正当防卫主观要件的理论之争,文章主要列举了德日刑法学界的观点和我国刑法理论对于这一问题的态度和争议,其中,德日刑法理论主要有防卫意图不要说和防卫意图必要说之争,而在我国,防卫意图必要说一直是通说的观点,近年来,防卫意图不要说的观点在崛起。第三部分论述了正当防卫主观要件应当怎样确定,对于防卫意图必要说,我们持否定态度,因为该学说不仅违法了立法的目的,不利于保护公民合法的权益,而且防卫意图必要说的论证也是值得商榷的。与此同时,提出了防卫认识必要说,提倡应当放宽对防卫意图内容上的限制。第四部分论述了与正当防卫主观要件相关的具体问题,主要包括对相互斗殴、防卫挑拨、偶然防卫的性质认定和争议焦点。
[Abstract]:The system of justifiable defense plays an important role in the criminal legislation, judicature and theory of criminal law all over the world, and it is a hot point in the theory and practice of criminal law. In modern society, the tension and conflict between the civil defense authority and the existing legal order are related to the modern value system of the legitimate defense system, the legislative arrangement and the establishment of citizens' faithful belief in the criminal law system. Legitimate defense is the counterattack of the perpetrator to the illegal act. Although objectively it will cause certain damage to the illegal aggressor, but because its behavior has the legitimacy, therefore does not constitute the crime, belongs to one kind of typical exclusion crime matter reason. The legitimacy of legitimate defense is not only reflected in the objective suppression of illegal infringement, but also from the subjective aspects of the actor, seeking the basis of legitimacy. But the different request to the defense person subjective content, then directly affects the justifiable defense to establish or not. In addition to the introduction, this paper is divided into four parts, focusing on the system of justifiable defense. The first part elaborates the basic meaning and content of justifiable defense and the subjective elements of legitimate defense. The subjective elements of justifiable defense include two aspects: the understanding of defense and the purpose of defense. And the specific concepts of defense understanding, defense purpose and different definitions in academic circles are described in detail. The second part is the theoretical argument of the subjective elements of legitimate defense. The article mainly lists the views of Germany and Japan criminal law circles and the attitude and controversy of our criminal law theory on this issue, among which, The theory of criminal law in Germany and Japan mainly argues that the defense intention should not be said and the defense intention must be said. In our country, the defense intention necessity theory has always been the general view. In recent years, the defense intention not to say point of view is on the rise. The third part discusses how the subjective elements of legitimate defense should be determined. We hold a negative attitude to the necessity of defense intention, because the doctrine not only violates the legislative purpose, but also is not conducive to the protection of the legitimate rights and interests of citizens. Moreover, the argument that defense intention must be said is also debatable. At the same time, the author puts forward the necessity of defense understanding and advocates that the restrictions on the content of defense intention should be relaxed. The fourth part discusses the specific issues related to the subjective elements of legitimate defense, including the fight, defense, accidental nature of defense and the focus of controversy.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D914

【参考文献】