妨害公务罪若干争议问题研究

发布时间：2018-07-07 21:22

本文选题：妨害公务罪 + 暴力　；参考：《华东政法大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着社会经济、文化的不断发展，各种“矛盾”开始不断显现，其中一种较为特殊的矛盾，就产生于管理者与被管理者之间，亦即“官民”之间的矛盾，而妨害公务案件就是这种“官民”矛盾不断升级、恶化的产物。我国《刑法》第277条对妨害公务罪进行了规定，其中将妨害公务罪的犯罪对象进行了列举式的规定，并对妨害公务罪的行为方式进行了较为抽象的规定，最后还规定了该罪的刑罚幅度。然而，实践中对于妨害公务罪的认定等问题却存在着不少争议，这直接导致了不同地域之间对于妨害公务案件的处理结果不一，各种不断出现的新型妨害公务行为方式也给司法机关认定案件性质带来难度。如何解决这些争议问题并完善立法，便是本文的主要研究方向。本文主要以实践中妨害公务罪的行为方式、犯罪对象及公务行为认定中存在的若干争议问题为出发点，结合对域外相关立法的研究及部分实践案例的剖析，对争议问题进行解析并提出立法完善方面的建议。文章一共分为五大章节。第一章为概述部分，首先对妨害公务罪的犯罪构成及立法沿革进行介绍，揭示该条罪名在我国法制历程中的发展和完善历程。随后，章节通过研究域外相关立法比较出我国立法中存在的问题，为后文的研究建立基础。第二章主要研究了妨害公务罪的行为方式，即“暴力、威胁”的具体内容。首先章节对学界关于“暴力、威胁”内涵、表现形式及限度的各种观点进行了简要介绍，然后通过结合我国的实际情况，对“暴力、威胁”的内涵、表现形式及其限度进行了分析，并对过限行为的认定方式进行了解析。最后，章节通过结合实践中存在争议的两起案例，研究了以自杀相威胁和以多人围困的行为方式进行妨害公务时的定性问题，通过分析得出结论，对于以自杀相威胁的情况一般不应认定为妨害公务罪，而对于以多人围困的行为只要达到足以阻碍公务行为执行的结果，应当认定为妨害公务罪。第三章主要针对妨害公务罪的犯罪对象进行研究。实践中，对于妨害公务罪的犯罪对象存在较多争议，导致实践办案中存在同案不同判的情况产生，，地区之间案件的处理结果也千差万别，直接影响了法律的公平、公正性。本章中，首先就妨害公务罪中最重要的一个犯罪对象——即国家机关工作人员的学说理论和实践的具体认定方式进行研究，通过总结理论中的诸多学说、分析其中利弊，总结出了实践中对作为妨害公务罪犯罪对象的国家机关工作人员的具体认定方式。其次，章节也对实践中存在争议的事业编制人员、物及亲友是否可成为犯罪对象进行研究，通过结合对最高人民检察院批复的解读，得出前两者可成为妨害公务罪犯罪对象，并通过理论分析，得出亲友不可成为该罪犯罪对象的结论，解决了实践中的争议问题。第四章主要针对妨害公务罪中的公务行为进行研究。首先，章节就公务行为应当具备的合法性和适时性进行研究，提出了适格的公务行为所应当具备的要件。同时，章节对实践中存在争议的两个问题进行了说明，即民警在非上班时间的执法行为可否成为妨害公务罪中的“公务行为”以及执法行为的瑕疵可否减免行为人责任两个问题。通过对合法性、适时性的研究，得出只要符合法定实体和程序要件的公务行为，均可构成妨害公务罪中的适格公务行为，因此民警在非上班时间的执法行为，若实体、程序要件完备，同样可构成适格的公务行为，而执法的瑕疵在一定程度上，若足以影响对该公务行为的合法性、适时性的判定，也理应减免行为人的责任。第五章在前文的研究基础之上，从犯罪对象、行为方式等角度提出了对我国妨害公务罪立法完善的建议，以期为实践办案提供帮助。
[Abstract]:With the continuous development of the social economy and culture, various "contradictions" have begun to emerge. One of the more special contradictions is caused by the contradiction between the manager and the managed, that is, the "official and the people", and the case of obstruction of public affairs is the product of the escalation and deterioration of the "official and the people". The 277th article of the criminal law in China The crime of harm to public affairs is stipulated, in which the criminal object of the crime of public affairs is enumerated, and the behavior mode of the crime of impeding public affairs is abstracted and the penalty range of the crime is specified. However, there are many disputes in the practice of the recognition of the crime of impeding public affairs. This leads to the direct result. It is the main research direction of this paper to solve the disputes and improve the legislation.
This article is mainly based on the practice in the practice of the crime of public affairs, the object of crime and the identification of public affairs of the existence of a number of controversial issues as the starting point, combined with the study of foreign related legislation and part of the practical case analysis, analysis of the dispute and put forward suggestions for legislative perfection. The article is divided into five chapters.
The first chapter is an overview of the part, first of all, to introduce the Constitution and legislative evolution of the crime of nuisance of public affairs, and to reveal the development and perfection of the crime in the course of our country's legal system. Then, the chapter compares the problems in our legislation by studying the relevant legislation in the foreign countries, and establishes the foundation for the later study.
The second chapter mainly studies the behavior mode of the crime of obstructing public affairs, that is the specific content of "violence, threat". The first chapter briefly introduces various views on the connotation, forms and limits of the "violence, threat", and then the connotation, form and limit of "violence, threat" by combining the actual situation of our country. The degree is analyzed, and the way of identifying the over limited behavior is analyzed. Finally, by combining two cases of dispute in practice, the chapter studies the qualitative problems of the threat of suicide and the way of impairing public affairs with many people besieged. Through the analysis, the conclusion is generally not necessary for the threat of suicide. It is considered that it is a crime of obstructing public business, and the act of besieging by many people should be regarded as a crime of obstructing public business as long as it achieves enough results to obstruct the execution of public affairs.
The third chapter mainly studies the crime object of the crime of impeding public affairs. In practice, there are many disputes about the crime object of the crime of obstruction of public affairs, which leads to the existence of the different cases of the same case in the practice case, and the result of the cases between the regions is different, which directly affects the fairness and impartiality of the law. The most important criminal object of the crime of public affairs is to study the theory and practice of the staff of the state organs. By summarizing the theories and analyzing the advantages and disadvantages, the specific ways of identifying the staff of the state organs who are the objects of the crime of nuisance of public affairs are summarized. Secondly, the chapter also studies whether the staff, objects and relatives can be the object of the crime in practice. Through the interpretation of the approval of the Supreme People's Procuratorate, the first two can be found to be the crime object of the crime of obstruction of public affairs. Through the theoretical analysis, the conclusion of the relatives and friends can not be the conclusion of the crime object. The issue of dispute in practice.
The fourth chapter mainly focuses on the study of public duty in the crime of obstructing public affairs. First, the chapter studies the legitimacy and the timely nature of the public affairs, and puts forward the necessary elements of the appropriate public affairs. At the same time, the chapter explains the two questions in the practice, that is, the civilian police in the non work time. Can the law enforcement act be the two issue of the liability for the liability of "public affairs" in the crime of public affairs and the defects of the law enforcement behavior. Through the study of the legitimacy and the timely nature of the law, it is concluded that as long as the official acts conform to the legal entity and the procedural requirements, it can constitute the appropriate public service in the crime of obstruction of public affairs, so the police are not The law enforcement action of working time, if the entity and the procedural elements are complete, can also form a suitable public official behavior, and the flaw in the law enforcement is to a certain extent, if it is enough to affect the legitimacy of the public affairs, and the decision of the timely nature should also reduce the responsibility of the perpetrator.
The fifth chapter, on the basis of the previous study, puts forward some suggestions on the legislation of the crime of impairing public affairs in our country from the angle of the object of crime and the way of behavior, in order to provide help for the practice of the case.
【学位授予单位】：华东政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D924.3

【参考文献】