传播性病罪疑难问题探究

发布时间：2018-07-09 10:25

本文选题：法益 + 明知　；参考：《华东政法大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：性病，是对于通过性行为或性接触而传播的疾病之统称，其传染性强、危害性广泛。性病在我国的出现，可追溯至公元以前。自二十世纪初，随着世界文化交流日益频繁、我国国民性观念的解放，性病在我国大范围传播开来，并呈现出增长态势。对于传播性病行为的规制也一步步由部门规章提升至刑事立法的高度。但笔者认为，立法中对于此罪的规定较为草率，致法律逻辑与司法实践于十分尴尬之境地，同时也留给理论研究者诸多疑难问题。此诸多疑难问题，即为本文之撰写背景，笔者将对这些疑难问题予以探究。本文分为以下七个部分：第一部分，以性病的起源、发展、衍变为切入点，探究传播性病罪在我国之立法沿革，并引出本罪在理论界与司法实践中存在的诸多疑难问题于下文展开详细阐述，疑难之处包括：本罪罪名的确立是否合理、本罪所保护的法益究竟是何、本罪条文表述中的“明知”、“严重性病”、“卖淫嫖娼”应如何界定。第二部分，以本罪罪名的核心词汇“传播”二字为重点，探究传播性病罪之罪名确立的合理性，“传播”二字并非本罪条文表述中原本即存在之词汇，立法者舍弃法条原文用词，而草率将本罪条文表述概括为“传播性病”，此种做法于我国刑法实属罕见，并造成了本罪罪名与法条表述在主观方面、客观方面的理解歧义，可谓“名不符实”。第三部分，以本罪条文表述的实然之意为出发点，探究传播性病罪的实然层面之法益，并对其应然层面之法益提出建议。发生性病传播的实害后但却因不明知自己患有严重性病，或者并未实施卖淫嫖娼行为，而不成立本罪。反而，没有造成性病传播危害后果的卖淫嫖娼行为可构成本罪，不难发现，本罪之实然法益为维护良好社会管理秩序，然而笔者认为应然层面上，本罪之法益应为维护他人的生命健康。第四部分，以“明知”为切入点，探究传播性病罪主观方面之构成要件。从认识要素与意志要素两方面分析：认识因素方面对本罪“明知”的涵义及内容之界定进行探讨；意志因素方面主张本罪之罪过形式包括直接故意、间接故意以及过于自信的过失，并对该罪过形式之立法模式评述，指出其不合理之处。第五部分，以“性病”的名称演化与种类为基础，探究传播性病罪客观方面的“严重性病”之内涵与外延。软下疳和性病性淋巴肉芽肿的病例极少已无需包含于“严重性病”的范围之内，而生殖道沙眼衣原体感染需要被列入重点防治的范围。此外，病理与严重程度与性病完全不同的艾滋病也不宜列入本罪的“严重性病”。第六部分，以“卖淫嫖娼”行为为切入点，探究传播性病罪客观方面的行为之实然层面与应然层面之范围。首先，依据现行规定对本罪的“卖淫、嫖娼”进行解释。然后，依据我国当前的社会状况论述本罪在客观方面的行为应不宜仅限于“卖淫、嫖娼”。第七部分，以“故意伤害罪”为比较重点，探究传播性病罪与其他犯罪的界限。本罪与故意伤害罪的认定较为模糊，且两罪属于法条竞合犯，在二者法条竞合的情形下，应使用特别法优于一般法的原则，，适用传播性病罪。
[Abstract]:Venereal disease, known as a disease spread through sexual behavior or sexual contact, has a strong contagion and widespread harm. The emergence of venereal diseases in China can be traced back to B. C. Since the beginning of the twentieth Century, with the increasing frequent cultural exchanges in the world, the liberation of our national sexual concept, the spread of venereal diseases in our country, and a growing state of disease. The regulation of sexually transmitted diseases has been promoted from departmental rules to criminal legislation step by step. However, the author believes that the provisions of this crime in the legislation are rather sloppy, and the legal logic and judicial practice are very embarrassing, and it is also left to the theoretical researchers.
This difficult problem, that is, the background of writing this article, will be explored by the author. This article is divided into seven parts:
The first part, taking the origin, development and evolution of venereal disease as a breakthrough point, explores the legislative evolution of the crime of spreading sexually transmitted diseases in China, and leads to a detailed description of the difficult problems that exist in the theoretical and judicial practice, including the following problems: whether the crime is true or not, what is the legal benefit of the crime, The definition of "knowingly", "severe sexually transmitted diseases" and "prostitution and whoring" should be defined in the provisions of the crime.
The second part, focusing on the two word "transmission" of the core vocabulary of the crime of the crime, explores the rationality of the establishment of the crime of spreading sexually transmitted diseases. The "dissemination" of the two character is not the original word in the expression of the crime, and the legislator abandoning the original text of the law, and generalizes the expression of the article as "the transmission of venereal disease". China's criminal law is rare, and it has resulted in the ambiguity of the crime and the objective aspect of the crime.
The third part, taking the true meaning expressed in the provisions of the crime as the starting point, explores the actual level of the legal benefit of the crime of spreading venereal diseases, and puts forward some suggestions on the legal benefits of its deserved level. After the actual damage to the transmission of venereal disease, it is not known that he has a serious venereal disease, or does not carry out the act of selling prostitution and whoring. Instead, it does not cause the crime. It is not difficult to find that the real legal benefit of this crime is to maintain a good social management order. However, the legal benefit of this crime should be to safeguard the health of others.
The fourth part, taking "knowingly" as the breakthrough point, explores the subjective elements of the crime of spreading sexually transmitted diseases. From the two aspects of the factors of cognition and the elements of will, the author discusses the meaning and the definition of the "knowing" of the crime in the aspect of cognition; the form of the will factor claims that the form of the crime includes direct intent and indirect intent. And overconfident mistakes, and commenting on its legislative mode, pointing out its irrationality.
The fifth part, based on the evolution and type of the name of STD, explores the connotation and extension of the "serious venereal disease" in the objective aspect of the crime of sexually transmitted diseases. Few cases of chancre and venereal lymphogranuloma have not been included in the scope of "serious sexually transmitted diseases", and the genital tract Chlamydia infection needs to be included in the key prevention and treatment. In addition, AIDS, which is completely different from pathology and venereal diseases, should not be included in the "serious venereal disease" of this crime.
The sixth part, taking "prostitution and prostitution" as the starting point, to explore the actual level and the scope of the objective aspect of the crime of spreading sexually transmitted diseases. First, explain the "prostitution, prostitution" in accordance with the current regulations. Then, according to the current social conditions of our country, it should not be limited to the objective aspects of the crime. "Prostitution, prostitution".
The seventh part, taking "the crime of intentional injury" as the focal point, explores the boundary between the crime of spreading venereal disease and other crimes. The conviction of the crime and the crime of intentional injury is more vague, and the two crime belongs to the law competition concurrence. In the case of the concurrence of the two law, the special law is better than the general law, and the crime of spreading sexually transmitted diseases should be applied.
【学位授予单位】：华东政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D924.3

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