我国恐怖主义犯罪法律问题研究

发布时间：2018-07-14 11:53

【摘要】：当今社会,恐怖主义已然成为一种比毒品走私、跨国犯罪更具危害的国际现象,特别是美国“9.11”恐怖袭击事件以来,越来越剧烈的恐怖主义活动成为了长久以来困扰国际社会、危及世界和平、危害民众安全的一大毒瘤,为世界各国敲响了警钟。我国也不例外,近几年“疆独”“藏独”分裂分子制造的一系列恐怖主义事件使我国的反恐形势变得十分严峻,恐怖主义犯罪已然成为了影响我国国家安全、社会政治稳定的一个重大问题。近年来,世界各国特别是以美国为首的西方发达国家进行的一系列反恐实践明确告诉我们恐怖主义犯罪在未来将继续存在甚至长时间存在,其他各国、各组织也愈加清醒地认识到恐怖主义的危害,都在通过不断地开展国内立法和制定对应国际条约以惩治恐怖主义犯罪。我国也一样,我国的宗旨是反对一切形式的恐怖主义,近年通过在刑法上对反恐相关行为的规定使得反恐法制建设方面取得了较大进步,而且在国际上也能积极参与国际反恐条约并且能很好的实施,在惩治恐怖主义犯罪方面取得了一些进步,但是仍然存在很多的不足。如何才能够有效地惩治恐怖主义犯罪,已然成为当今世界各国普遍关注的焦点问题和法学界深入研究的热点问题。,对于我们来说,如何正确认识我国的恐怖主义现状,如何借鉴他国经验完善我国惩治恐怖主义犯罪法制,更应该成为我们学者研究的重要内容。本文就是围绕这些问题进行概述的。本文先是从刑法学的角度对恐怖主义犯罪的主体、客体、主观方面和客观方面分别进行了分析,并尝试性地对恐怖主义犯罪进行了界定。然后全面总结了国际恐怖主义犯罪的现状与趋势,论述了科技、传媒等手段被广泛利用的现状,并从经济、政治、民族、文化、宗教等方面深入地分析了其形成原因。再通过概述我国现今面临恐怖主义的严峻现状,特别是针对“东突”、“藏独”、邪教势力等典型的恐怖主义活动进行总结,分析了我国面临这些恐怖主义威胁的主要原因。最后重点论述了我国惩治恐怖主义法制的现状、存在的问题和完善建议。即先从我国国内反恐立法的现状和我国国际上参与立法和合作的情况对我国的反恐怖主义立法现状进行了概述,然后就我国在惩治恐怖主义犯罪法制方面存在的问题进行总结,包括立法格局的不适宜、基本概念的不明确、惩治程序的不合适,最终对如何完善我国惩治恐怖主义犯罪法律制度提出自己的建议,主要是希望设立制定反恐法制的宪法依据,立即出台一部专门的反恐怖法,完善我国的反恐执法体系,加强与国际反恐法制的接轨。
[Abstract]:In today's society, terrorism has become a more harmful international phenomenon than drug smuggling and transnational crime, especially since the September 11 terrorist attacks in the United States. More and more violent terrorist activities have become a major cancer that has plagued the international community for a long time, endangering world peace and endangering the safety of the people, and has sounded the alarm bell for all countries in the world. China is no exception. In recent years, a series of terrorist incidents created by the separatists of "Xinjiang independence" and "Tibetan independence" have made the anti-terrorism situation in our country very serious, and the crime of terrorism has become an impact on the national security of our country. A major issue of social and political stability. In recent years, a series of anti-terrorism practices carried out by various countries in the world, especially the western developed countries led by the United States, have clearly told us that terrorist crimes will continue to exist in the future, even for a long time. Other countries, Organizations are increasingly aware of the dangers of terrorism and are punishing terrorist crimes through ongoing domestic legislation and the establishment of corresponding international treaties. Similarly, our aim is to oppose terrorism in all its forms. In recent years, we have made great progress in the construction of the anti-terrorism legal system through the provisions on counter-terrorism related acts in the criminal law. Moreover, it can take an active part in international anti-terrorism treaties and implement them well. It has made some progress in punishing the crime of terrorism, but there are still many shortcomings. How to effectively punish the crime of terrorism has become the focus of universal concern in the world and a hot issue in the legal circles. For us, how to correctly understand the current situation of terrorism in our country? How to use the experience of other countries for reference to perfect the legal system of punishing terrorism crime in our country should be an important content of our scholars' research. This article is an overview of these issues. Firstly, this paper analyzes the subject, object, subjective and objective aspects of the terrorist crime from the angle of criminal law, and tries to define the terrorist crime. Then it summarizes the present situation and trend of international terrorism crime, discusses the present situation that science and technology, media and other means are widely used, and analyzes its formation reasons from the aspects of economy, politics, nationality, culture, religion and so on. By summarizing the severe situation of terrorism in our country, especially the typical terrorist activities such as "East Turkistan", "Tibetan independence" and cult forces, this paper analyzes the main reasons for our country to face these terrorist threats. In the end, the present situation, existing problems and suggestions of punishing terrorism legal system in China are discussed. First of all, from the current situation of our country's domestic anti-terrorism legislation and our international participation in legislation and cooperation, this paper summarizes the current situation of our country's anti-terrorism legislation, and then summarizes the problems existing in punishing the legal system of terrorism crimes in our country. Including the inappropriate legislative pattern, unclear basic concepts, inappropriate punishment procedures, and finally putting forward some suggestions on how to perfect the legal system of punishing terrorist crimes in our country, mainly in the hope of establishing a constitutional basis for formulating the anti-terrorism legal system. A special anti-terrorism law was issued immediately to perfect our country's anti-terrorism law enforcement system and to strengthen the conformity with the international anti-terrorism legal system.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D924.3

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