性侵幼女犯罪“明知”探析

发布时间：2018-07-16 19:47

【摘要】：关于性侵幼女犯罪的成立是否要求行为人明知侵害对象为幼女,以及如何认定犯罪行为人是否明知对象女性为幼女的问题一直是理论界和司法实践中的重难点。随着2013年10月25日《意见》的出台,围绕这两个问题的讨论更加激烈。笔者认为,不论是在实然层面,还是应然层面,明知都是性侵幼女犯罪成立的必备要件。本文约三万字,共分为四个部分,对性侵幼女犯罪中明知的必要性和明知在司法实践中认定进行详细的探析,以证明笔者“对象明知实际上是、亦应该是性侵幼女犯罪成立的必备要件”之论点。第一部分,提出问题。首先界定了本文的讨论范围:本文中的明知是指构成实体法中的性侵幼女犯罪是否要求行为人明知对方是幼女。第二节,介绍了我国自79年《刑法》以来关于性侵幼女犯罪主观认识方面的刑事规定,最后,总结了当前学界,关于性侵幼女犯罪主观认识要件要素的争论。第二部分,讨论我国刑法中一般意义的明知。要讨论构成性侵幼女犯罪是否需要行为人明知对方是幼女,必然要对一般意义的明知有清晰准确的理解。因此本部分,笔者着重从明知的内容、明知的程度、明知的证明三个方面对明知进行了详细的探析,以为全文的论证打下基础。第三部分,性侵幼女犯罪明知的理论探析。本部分主要包括三节,第一个节在上一部分的基础上,简要概括笔者对性侵幼女犯罪明知的理解。第二节是关于性侵幼女犯罪明知的实然探析,通过对总则与分则关系、对象明知的刑法地位等方面的分析,笔者认为,我国刑事立法在“性侵幼女犯罪的成立是否需要对象明知”这一问题上持的是明显的肯定立场,性侵幼女犯罪的成立必须以行为人明知对方是幼女为前提。第三节是性侵幼女犯罪明知的应然探析,通过对责任主义基本原则、严格责任的弊端、推定制度在认定行为人明知方面的优势的分析,笔者认为,性侵幼女犯罪的成立应当继续坚持完全的过错责任。第四部分,性侵幼女犯罪明知认定的实证分析。本部分首先通过两个案例,引出司法实践中存在的明知证明难题;在此基础上,第二、三节,通过理论与实践相结合的方式,讨论了推定在明知认定中应当注意的问题和有效性。
[Abstract]:It is a difficult problem in the theoretical and judicial practice that the establishment of the crime of sexual invasion of young women is a difficult problem in the theoretical and judicial practice. With the introduction of the October 25, 2013 opinion, the discussion of the two questions is more intense. It is a necessary element of the establishment of sex offense for young women, whether at the actual level or in the right level. This article is divided into four parts, which are divided into thirty thousand words, and the necessity of knowing and knowing in the judicial practice are discussed in detail to prove that the author, "the object of knowledge is actually, should also be sex invasion." The first part, put forward the question. First, it defines the scope of the discussion in this article: the knowledge in this article refers to whether the crime of sexual invasion of young girls in the constitution of the entity requires the perpetrator to know that the other is young daughter. The second section introduces the subjective understanding of sex offense since the criminal law of China since the 79 year of the criminal law. In the end, it summarizes the current academic circles, the argument about the essential elements of the subjective understanding of sex offense for young women. The second part discusses the general knowledge of the criminal law in our country. It is necessary to discuss whether the perpetrator of the sex offense needs the actor to know that the other person is a young girl, and it must be clear and accurate understanding of the general knowledge. Therefore, in this part, the author makes a detailed analysis of the clear knowledge from three aspects of knowledge, the degree of knowledge, the proof of knowledge, and the foundation for the argument of the full text. The third part is the theoretical analysis of the explicit knowledge of the sex offense of young girls. This part mainly includes three sections, and the first section is on the basis of the previous section, and briefly summarizes the author The second section is a clear understanding of the crime of sexual invasion of young girls. The analysis of the relation between the general principles and the sub principles and the status of the criminal law of the object is a clear understanding. The author holds that the criminal legislation in our country is clearly willing to hold the issue of "whether the establishment of sex offense for young women needs to be understood by the object". To set a position, the establishment of sex offense for young girls must be based on the premise that the actor knows each other's young daughter clearly. The third section is an analysis of the explicit knowledge of sex offense for young girls. Through the analysis of the basic principles of responsibility, the abuse of strict liability and the analysis of the superiority of the presumption system in the cognizance of the perpetrator, the author thinks that the establishment of sex offense for young women should be established. When we continue to adhere to the complete fault liability. The fourth part, the empirical analysis of the cognizance of the juvenile delinquency. This part first leads to the clear proof problem in the judicial practice through two cases. On this basis, the second, third section, through the combination of theory and practice, discusses the presumption that the presumption should be paid attention to in the cognizance of knowledge. Problems and effectiveness.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D924.34

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