论“情节严重”的法律地位及其解释规则
发布时间：2018-07-20 09:32
【摘要】：如果检索我国刑法条文中的高频词汇，非“情节”二字莫属。我国刑法典中共有条文452个，“情节”出现了近300次，而“情节严重”则出现了近160次。如果再加上法律解释，那么“情节严重”更是不计其数。并且随着刑法的修订和完善，罪状中涉及情节的条文还将继续增加。 “情节严重”具有很强的包容性，立法机关为避免挂一漏万，往往采用概括性的立法技术，“情节严重”便是一个典范。“情节严重”、“情节恶劣”、“情节特别恶劣”等法律词汇成了应对各种社会弊病的万能处方。“情节严重”使刑法条文更具有弹性和扩张性，将相对稳定的刑法典和流动的社会现实联系起来。但与此同时，也增加了条文的模糊性和不确定性，使犯罪构成要件变得难以捉摸，增加了司法适用的难度。刑法是研究犯罪与刑罚的学问，无论是定罪还是量刑须臾都离不开对情节的评价，只有完成了对情节的评价才意味着对行为终极评价的完成，也才意味着以定罪量刑为己任的刑法任务的完成。本文试图以“情节严重”为研究对象，在探明“情节严重”本质特征的基础上，讨论情节严重与犯罪概念、犯罪构成之间的关系，并将研究重点放在情节严重的解释规则上。 本文以引言开始，正文分为三章，最后以结语定音。 引言部分主要是对情节的研究现状做一般性介绍，包括现有的研究状况，实践中存在的困惑，本文的研究价值以及在理论和实践上的意义。 正文第一章主要介绍情节严重的本质含义及其法律地位，，将情节重定义为反映犯罪行为的社会危害性和人身危险性的主客观事实，并具有影响定罪与量刑的功能。本文接着探讨了情节严重与犯罪概念、犯罪构成的关系，认为在我国刑法的犯罪概念中，定量因素并不应当成为与定性因素相并列的两重评价标准，定量因素是蕴含在定性因素中的。并且将“情节严重”看作是犯罪概念的定量因素也是不合理的。其次，由于“情节严重”自身的模糊性、概括性，其不应成为犯罪构成的一部分，也不应具备区分罪与非罪的功能。 第二章主要研究情节严重与量刑规则之间的关系。通过对比研究的方法进一步分析我国有关“情节严重”的立法现状，得出情节严重的主要功能在于影响量刑而非定罪的结论。本章对我国刑法中从重处罚和加重处罚的法定情节进行了梳理，并对比研究了域外刑法典中有关“情节严重”的立法现状。随后又结合2010年颁布的《量刑指导意见（试行）》以及2014年颁布的《常见犯罪量刑指导意见》，论述了情节严重对量刑的影响。 第三章主要研究目前我国关于加重情节的解释现状。通过梳理发现，目前我国对加重情节的规定多是司法解释，并主要集中在对犯罪数额、犯罪次数、犯罪人的身份、地位（主犯）等方面进行解释。此外，本章着重探讨了加重情节的解释规则，提出解释情节严重时应坚持严格解释的立场。而在解释方法上则应遵循文理解释优先，兼顾体系解释的自洽性。严格限制以扩大解释的方法来解释加重情节，并对加重情节的特殊解释规则予以提示和探讨，以期对司法实践有所裨益。 通过上述论证，本文得出如下结论：“情节严重”由于其自身的模糊性和高度概括性，不能成为构成要件的一部分，大多数法条将“情节严重”与行为模式并列规定在法定刑之前，只是一种提示性规定。在我国刑法中，“情节严重”的功能主要在于影响量刑。解释是适用的前提，在解释“情节严重”、“情节特别严重”时，应坚持严格解释的立场，并结合加重情节的自身特点：对侵害财产类犯罪，应结合数额和情节双重标准解释此类犯罪的加重情节；对作为兜底条款的“情节严重”，应坚持同质性解释规则；对于“情节特别严重”，应在“情节严重”的基础上通过加重违法性程度来加以解释。
[Abstract]:If the high frequency words in the provisions of the criminal law of our country are retrieved, the two words are not "plot". There are 452 articles in the criminal code of China, "plot" has appeared nearly 300 times, and the "plot is serious" has appeared nearly 160 times. If the law is added to the criminal law, the "plot is serious" is not counted more. And with the revision and perfection of the criminal law, the crime is not counted. The provisions of the plot in the form will continue to increase.
"The plot is serious" is very inclusive. In order to avoid missing the million, the legislature often adopts the general legislative technology. "The plot is serious" is a model. "The plot is serious", "the plot is bad", "the plot is very bad" and other legal words become the universal prescription to deal with all kinds of social maladies. "The plot is serious" make the punishment. The provisions of the law are more flexible and expansionary, linking the relatively stable criminal code with the social reality of the flow. At the same time, it also increases the vagueness and uncertainty of the provisions, making the elements of the crime elusive and increasing the difficulty of judicial application. The criminal law is a study of crime and punishment, whether it is a conviction or a quantity. Only the completion of the evaluation of the plot means the completion of the ultimate evaluation of the behavior, which means the completion of the criminal task of the conviction and sentencing. This article attempts to take "the serious plot" as the research object, and on the basis of exploring the essential characteristics of the "serious plot", the plot is seriously discussed. And the relationship between the concept of crime and the constitution of crime.
This paper starts with the introduction, the text is divided into three chapters, and finally the conclusion is determined by the conclusion.
The introduction part mainly introduces the current situation of the plot, including the existing research situation, the perplexity in practice, the value of the study and the significance in theory and practice.
The first chapter of the text mainly introduces the essential meaning and legal status of the serious plot, and redefines the plot as a subjective and objective fact reflecting the social harmfulness and personal danger of the crime, and has the function of affecting the conviction and sentencing. This article then discusses the relationship between the serious circumstances of the plot and the concept of crime and the constitution of the crime, and considers that the criminal law is in China's criminal law. In the concept of crime, quantitative factors should not be a double standard of evaluation with qualitative factors. Quantitative factors are contained in qualitative factors. And it is unreasonable to consider "plot serious" as a quantitative factor of the concept of crime. Secondly, because of the fuzziness of "serious plot" itself, generality, it should not become an offense. Part of the constitution of crime should not have the function of distinguishing between sin and non crime.
The second chapter mainly studies the relationship between the seriousness of the plot and the rules of sentencing. Through the comparative study method, we further analyze the current situation of our country's "serious plot", and draw the conclusion that the main function of the plot is the conclusion that affects the sentencing rather than the conviction. This chapter carries out the legal circumstances in the criminal law of our country from the heavy punishment and the aggravation of the punishment. The present situation of the "serious plot" in the extraterritorial penal code was compared and studied, and then the influence of the serious circumstances on the sentencing was discussed in conjunction with the "sentencing guidance (Trial)" issued in 2010 and the general sentencing guidance issued in 2014.
The third chapter mainly studies the present situation of the explanation of the aggravating circumstances in our country. Through combing, it is found that the provisions of the aggravating circumstances are mostly judicial interpretation, and mainly focus on the interpretation of the amount of crime, the number of crimes, the identity of the criminal, the status (the principal) and so on. In addition, this chapter focuses on the interpretation rules of the aggravated plot. The position of strict interpretation should be adhered to when the interpretation of the plot is serious, while the interpretation method should follow the priority of the interpretation of the arts and principles, take into account the self consistency of the system interpretation, strictly limit the method of expanding the explanation to explain the aggravated plot, and give a hint and Discussion on the special interpretation rules of the aggravated plot, with a view to benefit the judicial practice.
Through the above argument, this article draws the following conclusions: "the plot is serious" because of its own fuzziness and high generality, it can not be part of the constitutive requirements. Most laws stipulate that the "plot is serious" and the behavior pattern, before the legal sentence, is only a kind of prompt provision. In our criminal law, "the plot is serious". The function mainly lies in the influence of sentencing. Interpretation is the premise of application. In explaining the "serious plot" and "the plot is especially serious", we should adhere to the strict interpretation position and combine the own characteristics of the aggravated plot. The aggravated plot of the crime should be explained in combination with the double standard of the amount and plot; The "plot of the plot is serious" should adhere to the principle of homogeneity interpretation; for "the plot is particularly serious", the degree of illegality should be explained on the basis of "serious plot".
【学位授予单位】：华东政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D924.3;D924.1
本文编号：2133114
[Abstract]:If the high frequency words in the provisions of the criminal law of our country are retrieved, the two words are not "plot". There are 452 articles in the criminal code of China, "plot" has appeared nearly 300 times, and the "plot is serious" has appeared nearly 160 times. If the law is added to the criminal law, the "plot is serious" is not counted more. And with the revision and perfection of the criminal law, the crime is not counted. The provisions of the plot in the form will continue to increase.
"The plot is serious" is very inclusive. In order to avoid missing the million, the legislature often adopts the general legislative technology. "The plot is serious" is a model. "The plot is serious", "the plot is bad", "the plot is very bad" and other legal words become the universal prescription to deal with all kinds of social maladies. "The plot is serious" make the punishment. The provisions of the law are more flexible and expansionary, linking the relatively stable criminal code with the social reality of the flow. At the same time, it also increases the vagueness and uncertainty of the provisions, making the elements of the crime elusive and increasing the difficulty of judicial application. The criminal law is a study of crime and punishment, whether it is a conviction or a quantity. Only the completion of the evaluation of the plot means the completion of the ultimate evaluation of the behavior, which means the completion of the criminal task of the conviction and sentencing. This article attempts to take "the serious plot" as the research object, and on the basis of exploring the essential characteristics of the "serious plot", the plot is seriously discussed. And the relationship between the concept of crime and the constitution of crime.
This paper starts with the introduction, the text is divided into three chapters, and finally the conclusion is determined by the conclusion.
The introduction part mainly introduces the current situation of the plot, including the existing research situation, the perplexity in practice, the value of the study and the significance in theory and practice.
The first chapter of the text mainly introduces the essential meaning and legal status of the serious plot, and redefines the plot as a subjective and objective fact reflecting the social harmfulness and personal danger of the crime, and has the function of affecting the conviction and sentencing. This article then discusses the relationship between the serious circumstances of the plot and the concept of crime and the constitution of the crime, and considers that the criminal law is in China's criminal law. In the concept of crime, quantitative factors should not be a double standard of evaluation with qualitative factors. Quantitative factors are contained in qualitative factors. And it is unreasonable to consider "plot serious" as a quantitative factor of the concept of crime. Secondly, because of the fuzziness of "serious plot" itself, generality, it should not become an offense. Part of the constitution of crime should not have the function of distinguishing between sin and non crime.
The second chapter mainly studies the relationship between the seriousness of the plot and the rules of sentencing. Through the comparative study method, we further analyze the current situation of our country's "serious plot", and draw the conclusion that the main function of the plot is the conclusion that affects the sentencing rather than the conviction. This chapter carries out the legal circumstances in the criminal law of our country from the heavy punishment and the aggravation of the punishment. The present situation of the "serious plot" in the extraterritorial penal code was compared and studied, and then the influence of the serious circumstances on the sentencing was discussed in conjunction with the "sentencing guidance (Trial)" issued in 2010 and the general sentencing guidance issued in 2014.
The third chapter mainly studies the present situation of the explanation of the aggravating circumstances in our country. Through combing, it is found that the provisions of the aggravating circumstances are mostly judicial interpretation, and mainly focus on the interpretation of the amount of crime, the number of crimes, the identity of the criminal, the status (the principal) and so on. In addition, this chapter focuses on the interpretation rules of the aggravated plot. The position of strict interpretation should be adhered to when the interpretation of the plot is serious, while the interpretation method should follow the priority of the interpretation of the arts and principles, take into account the self consistency of the system interpretation, strictly limit the method of expanding the explanation to explain the aggravated plot, and give a hint and Discussion on the special interpretation rules of the aggravated plot, with a view to benefit the judicial practice.
Through the above argument, this article draws the following conclusions: "the plot is serious" because of its own fuzziness and high generality, it can not be part of the constitutive requirements. Most laws stipulate that the "plot is serious" and the behavior pattern, before the legal sentence, is only a kind of prompt provision. In our criminal law, "the plot is serious". The function mainly lies in the influence of sentencing. Interpretation is the premise of application. In explaining the "serious plot" and "the plot is especially serious", we should adhere to the strict interpretation position and combine the own characteristics of the aggravated plot. The aggravated plot of the crime should be explained in combination with the double standard of the amount and plot; The "plot of the plot is serious" should adhere to the principle of homogeneity interpretation; for "the plot is particularly serious", the degree of illegality should be explained on the basis of "serious plot".
【学位授予单位】：华东政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D924.3;D924.1
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