代孕问题的刑法学思考

发布时间：2018-07-26 17:38

【摘要】：代孕技术的出现是近代科学技术发展的一大创举，与人类的繁衍传承息息相关。其出现打破了人们长久以来形成的传统观念，在社会、伦理、道德、法律、生物学、医学等领域都产生了一系列的连锁反应，作为一种新兴科学技术，代孕对社会形成了巨大的冲击，我们面对这一新兴事物，应当采取何种应对方式，对人类以后的生存发展都至关重要。大自然的报复使人类的健康水平下降，人类内部也有人在毁坏种族的根基，越来越多的人们需要依靠代孕来开枝散叶。但是随着代孕技术的发展，带来了许多前所未有的问题，针对这些新状况世界上有些国家有针对性地制定了相关的法律对其进行规范，有些国家却新形势下选择了不战而逃，不主动解决这些问题，造成的危害结果愈演愈烈。本文针对在代孕问题上持有这两种态度中具有代表性国家的立法一一进行了列举分析，其中美国、英国、加拿大等国在代孕问题上采取了肯定的措施，与之相反，德国、日本、法国等国家则否定了代孕，但不管如何，这些国家均在其法律规定中体现了自己的立场，制定了较为详尽的细节，通过查阅资料，笔者看到，中国是否认代孕的国家，而且在相关方面的立法却少到可以忽略不计。通过对各国相关立法的分析和比较，理清了国际社会上代孕立法的总体趋势，逐渐对代孕发放“通行证”是必须的，但需要开放的类型只能限于非商业性的代孕，具体类型涉及到妊娠型代孕技术当中的某几种，通过借鉴各国立法中的优点，笔者提出了我国针对代孕进行相关刑事立法的见解，期望通过自己的分析讨论，能够对我国在代孕方面的立法起到一定的参考作用，，预防和打击代孕犯罪，促进代孕事业在我国健康有序的发展，使代孕这项尖端技术能够真正为人民服务。
[Abstract]:The emergence of surrogate technology is a major innovation in the development of modern science and technology, closely related to the reproduction and inheritance of human beings. It breaks the traditional idea that people have formed for a long time. It has produced a series of chain reactions in the fields of society, ethics, morality, law, biology, medicine and so on, as a new science and technology. Surrogacy has a great impact on the society. In the face of this new thing, how to deal with it is very important for the survival and development of mankind. The retaliation of nature has reduced the health of human beings, and there are also people inside people who are destroying racial roots. More and more people need to rely on surrogacy to open their branches and spread their leaves. However, with the development of surrogacy technology, it has brought many unprecedented problems. In the light of these new conditions, some countries in the world have formulated relevant laws to regulate them, while some countries have chosen not to fight and fled in the new situation. If we do not take the initiative to solve these problems, the harmful results will become more and more serious. This paper enumerates and analyzes the legislation of the representative countries that hold these two attitudes on surrogacy. The United States, Britain, Canada and other countries have taken affirmative measures on surrogacy. In contrast, Germany and Japan have taken positive measures on surrogacy. France and other countries have denied surrogacy, but in any case, these countries have reflected their position in their laws and regulations and worked out more detailed details. By consulting the data, the author has seen that China is a country that denies surrogacy. And legislation in related areas is negligible. Through the analysis and comparison of the relevant legislation of various countries, the general trend of surrogacy legislation in the international community has been clarified. Gradually, it is necessary to issue "pass" to surrogacy, but the types of surrogacy that need to be opened up can only be restricted to non-commercial surrogacy. The specific types relate to some kinds of surrogacy technology of pregnancy type. By referring to the advantages of the legislation of various countries, the author puts forward some opinions on the criminal legislation related to surrogacy in our country, and expects to discuss it through his own analysis and discussion. It can play a certain reference role in the legislation of surrogacy in our country, prevent and crack down on surrogacy crime, promote the healthy and orderly development of surrogacy in our country, and make surrogate this cutting-edge technology can really serve the people.
【学位授予单位】：重庆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D924.3

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