渎职罪中国家机关工作人员认定研究

发布时间：2018-07-26 19:20

【摘要】：1997年刑法修订后,国家机关工作人员始终是渎职罪认定中未解难题之一,由此造成渎职罪适用困境：一面是造成严重社会危害的渎职行为频繁发生,一面是纠结国家机关工作人员判断的司法工作人员瞻前顾后；渎职罪的惩罚价值未得以充分发挥和引导价值未得以有效张扬。问题主要是：在改革背景下,现实中许多不是国家机关的工作人员承担国家机关职权职责,他们是不是渎职罪中的国家机关工作人员范畴?从立法本意及以国家机关的语义理解国家机关工作人员,显然这些人员不是渎职罪中的国家机关工作人员。而实践中,又以解释路径来解决部分不是国家机关的工作人员承担国家机关职权职责适用渎职罪情况。一方面,受制罪刑法定,解释无法适应现实生活的多样,另一方面,解释本身又突破了国家机关的内涵,问题由此而来。当下,遏制渎职已成为反腐败共识,寻求这个问题解决路径亦具现实意义。尽管以国家机关的语义理解国家机关工作人员也是一种文理解释,但是,文理解释不限于词义,还要考虑词语在刑法条文中语义。基于条文的文理解释,渎职罪中国家机关工作人员的内涵应该是其与国家机关职权职责的联系。这个内涵体现了渎职罪主体的特殊性和法定性。渎职罪中国家机关工作人员要件是渎职罪中国家机关工作人员内涵特征具体体现,包括特殊性要件和能力要件,其中特殊性要件由国家机关职权职责、国家机关职权职责与承担国家机关职权职责人对应关系等要件要素构成,这些要件要素是客观的,集中体现渎职罪中国家机关工作人员特殊性。渎职罪中国家机关工作人员特殊性要件要素的客观性决定了国家机关工作人员在渎职罪认定中的顺序；国家机关职权、职责具有历史性、变动性、共性、地域性；国家机关职权职责、国家机关职权职责与承担国家机关职权职责人对应关系是判断渎职罪中国家机关工作人员的重要依据,也是认定渎职罪中国家机关工作人员重要方法。
[Abstract]:After the revision of the criminal law in 1997, the staff of the state organs have always been one of the unsolved problems in the crime of malfeasance, which causes the plight of the crime of dereliction of Duty: one side is the frequent occurrence of malfeasance caused by serious social harm, one side is the judicial workers who have tangled the judges of the state organs, and the punishment value of the crime of malfeasance has not been punished. To give full play to and guide the value has not been effectively publicized.
The main problem is: in the background of reform, in reality, many of the staff members of the state organs are not responsible for the authority of the state organs. Are they the category of the staff of the state organs in the crime of malfeasance? From the original meaning of the legislation and the understanding of the staff of the state organs with the semantics of the state organs, these are not the state machines in the crime of dereliction of duty. On the other hand, the interpretation itself has broken through the connotation of the state organs. On the other hand, the explanation itself has broken through the connotation of the state organs, and the problem comes from it. To curb dereliction of duty has become a consensus on anti-corruption. It is also of practical significance to find a solution to this problem.
Although it is also a kind of literary and rational explanation to understand the staff of state organs with the semantic meaning of state organs, the interpretation of the arts and Sciences is not limited to the meaning of words, but also the meaning of words in the provisions of the criminal law. Based on the literary and rational interpretation of the provisions, the connotation of the staff of the Chinese family in the crime of malfeasance should be the connection with the duties of the state organs. It embodies the particularity and legality of the subject of the crime of dereliction of duty.
The elements of the crime of dereliction of duty in Chinese organs are the specific connotation of the crime of malfeasance, including the special elements and the elements of ability, among which the special elements are composed of the functions and functions of the state organs, the duties of the state authority and the corresponding relationship between the responsibilities of the state organs and functions, and other elements. The elements are objective, and concentrate on the particularity of the staff of the Chinese organs in malfeasance.
The objectivity of the particularity elements of the crime of malfeasance determines the order of the state organ staff in the identification of the crime of malfeasance; the functions and functions of the state organs are historical, variable, common and regional; the functions and functions of the state organs, the duties of the state organs and the responsibilities of the state organs and powers The Department is an important basis for judging the staff members of the Chinese organs of dereliction of duty, and is also an important method for identifying the staff members of the Chinese organs in the crime of dereliction of duty.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D924.393

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