食品安全的犯罪控制

发布时间：2018-07-26 20:14

【摘要】：食品安全不仅是生产企业的问题，更是一个社会问题。现阶段我国食品安全犯罪频发，给人们的身体健康和社会稳定带来严重影响，加强对食品安全犯罪的打击和预防成为必要。2009年《食品安全法》将食品安全正式纳入到社会安全的范畴，2013年国务院大部制机构改革，其中重要的一项就是对食品安全监管机构的改革，这都充分显示出我国政府治理食品市场、惩治食品安全犯罪的决心。我国目前对于食品安全犯罪的防控无论从理论到政策、从立法到司法，还是从体制到行政，都进行了大量的探索，然而食品安全问题依旧不容乐观。本文在这一背景下，将犯罪控制的理论引入到食品安全领域，探讨如何减少食品安全犯罪。这一立意基于两点原因：一是犯罪可以被控制但不能被消灭的本质；二是虽然目前在行政监管和刑事立法上对于食品安全犯罪行为都有相关应对之策，但均存在立法不完善和执行不到位的问题。本文依据德国著名法学家李斯特的“最好的社会政策是最好的刑事政策”的观点，探索构建一个以社会控制为首要选择，法律控制为次级选择的食品安全犯罪控制体系，以期实现对食品安全犯罪的全方位、最大化的控制。本文共分三个章节：第一章节介绍了作为犯罪学概念的食品安全犯罪及其现状、犯罪控制理论及食品安全犯罪控制的可能性。犯罪学意义上的食品安全犯罪，系包含一切违反有关食品安全法规的行为，既包括刑法中规定的危害食品安全的犯罪行为，也包括其他有关食品安全规定的法律文件，如《食品安全法》中规定的危害食品安全的违法行为。基于犯罪可以控制但不可以被消灭的基本规律，犯罪控制就是一个国家和社会采用多种办法减少或者消除导致犯罪发生的各种因素的系统工程。食品安全犯罪亦可以被控制，但需要一个漫长的过程。第二章介绍了食品安全犯罪控制体系及缺陷。根据“道德→第一次法（食品安全相关法律）→第二次法（刑法）”的犯罪化作业过滤机制，在“第一次法”中选择对防范食品安全事件发生有着关键作用的“执行”部门来进行考察，重点探讨了我国食品安全监管体制及其存在的问题；在“第二次法”中基于刑法的保障作用和刑罚的预防功能，，选择以食品安全的刑事立法规制现状及不足切入；最后，由于实现食品安全行政执法与刑事司法的有效衔接，对于构建严密的食品安全法网有着重要意义，因而重点讨论了行政执法与刑事司法衔接现状及其存在的意义。第三章从社会控制和法律控制两方面重构食品安全的犯罪控制体系。社会控制包括完善食品安全行政主体监管、明确新闻媒体的舆论监督权、加强社会公众的监督和被害预防和减少食品生产经营者的犯罪动机；法律控制包括完善食品安全刑事立法和刑事司法。
[Abstract]:Food safety is not only a problem of production enterprises, but also a social problem. At this stage, the frequent occurrence of food safety crimes in China has seriously affected people's physical health and social stability. It is necessary to step up the fight against and prevention of food safety crimes. The 2009 Food Safety Law formally incorporated food safety into the scope of social security. One of the most important is the reform of the food safety supervision organization, which fully shows the determination of our government to govern the food market and punish the food safety crime. At present, the prevention and control of food safety crime in our country has carried on a great deal of exploration from theory to policy, from legislation to judicature, from system to administration, but the problem of food safety is still not optimistic. Under this background, this paper introduces the theory of crime control into the field of food safety and discusses how to reduce the crime of food safety. This idea is based on two reasons: first, the nature of a crime that can be controlled but not eliminated; and second, although there are relevant countermeasures for food safety crimes in administrative supervision and criminal legislation, However, there are problems of imperfect legislation and imperfect implementation. Based on the view that "the best social policy is the best criminal policy" put forward by the famous German jurist Liszt, this paper explores the construction of a food safety crime control system with social control as the primary choice and legal control as the secondary choice. In order to achieve the food safety crime in all directions, maximize control. This paper is divided into three chapters: the first chapter introduces the food safety crime as a concept of criminology and its present situation, the theory of crime control and the possibility of food safety crime control. Food safety crimes in the sense of criminology include all violations of relevant food safety laws and regulations, including criminal acts against food safety stipulated in the Criminal Law, as well as other legal documents relating to food safety provisions. As stipulated in the Food Safety Act, illegal acts endangering food safety. Based on the basic law that crime can be controlled but can not be eliminated, crime control is a systematic project in which a country and a society adopt a variety of methods to reduce or eliminate the various factors that lead to the occurrence of crime. Food safety crime can also be controlled, but it takes a long process. The second chapter introduces the food safety crime control system and defects. According to the filtration mechanism for criminalized operations of the first Act on Ethics (Food Safety related Law) and the second Act (Criminal Code), In the first Law, select the "executive" department, which plays a key role in preventing food safety incidents, and focus on the food safety supervision system and its existing problems in China. In the second Law, based on the safeguard function of criminal law and the preventive function of penalty, the author chooses the current situation and deficiency of criminal legislation regulation of food safety. Finally, because of realizing the effective link between administrative law enforcement of food safety and criminal justice, It is of great significance to construct a strict network of food safety law, so the paper mainly discusses the current situation of the connection between administrative law enforcement and criminal justice and its existence significance. The third chapter reconstructs the crime control system of food safety from two aspects: social control and legal control. Social control includes perfecting the supervision of the administrative body of food safety, clarifying the right of public opinion supervision of the news media, strengthening the supervision of the public and preventing and reducing the criminal motive of the food producers and operators; Legal control includes improving food safety criminal legislation and criminal justice.
【学位授予单位】：华东政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D924.3

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