我国缓刑制度的实践障碍及完善构想

发布时间：2018-07-28 09:15

【摘要】：缓刑作为对短期自由刑弊端的补正性刑罚,从其诞生就承载着矫正罪犯,以及帮助犯罪人顺利回归社会的重要使命。故而,缓刑适用的规范化程度直接决定其本质目的的可实现程度。我国缓刑制度在实务适用中的时间层面、空间层面、适用对象、量刑幅度等方面明显存在不同程度的不规范现象。这种不规范现象不仅让缓刑的适用价值大打折扣,更加累及司法权威和整个社会的长治久安。究其原因,从缓刑制度的立法设计,到其司法执行,再到刑事政策在缓刑制度适用上的投影,各有所短。立法方面,缓刑制度关于适用要件的规定过于模糊,造成法官对于自由裁量权的滥用行为屡禁不止;司法方面,同案不同判的现象屡见不鲜,执行考察阶段缺乏有力监督,适用效果更是无从得知;刑事政策的或宽或严对缓刑适用影响明显,严重危及法的可预测性以及规范性。在此基础上,纵观英美法系国家和大陆法系国家的缓刑制度设计,对我国有巨大的启发和借鉴意义。无论在缓刑适用方面,对于缓刑适用前的考量制度,缓刑的适用范围,以及缓刑的期限和撤销等相关规定的明确严谨;抑或在缓刑考察期内的考察,关于考察组织、考察内容和考察方式的规定的系统详尽,都凝结了制度先行者的经验和智慧。结合本国现状和域外经验,我国缓刑制度完善应当从立法构建、司法体制和形势政策引导三个方面着手努力。立法层面,从相关实体法和程序法两处着手,建立健全缓刑的审前调查制度、明确缓刑适用条件、设置缓刑的负担机制和缓刑听证程序。司法层面,建立独立的量刑程序、量刑指导和判例指导结合引导量刑、完善量刑理由展示制度、健全社区矫正制度以及建立缓刑适用的效果评估制度。刑事政策层面,集中为坚持贯彻“宽严相济”的刑事政策和普及缓刑适用规范化理念两个方面。三方合力,取长补短,以期推进我国缓刑制度的健全完善进程,进而实现缓刑制度价值的最大化。
[Abstract]:Probation, as a remedy to the abuse of short-term free punishment, carries the important mission of rectifying criminals and helping criminals to return to society smoothly from its birth. Therefore, the degree of standardization of probation application directly determines the degree of realization of its essential purpose. There are different degrees of nonstandard phenomena in the practical application of probation system in China, such as time level, space level, applicable object, sentencing range and so on. This kind of nonstandard phenomenon not only greatly reduces the applicable value of probation, but also affects the judicial authority and the whole society for a long time. The reasons are from the legislative design of probation system to its judicial execution to the projection of the application of criminal policy on probation system. In the legislative aspect, the provisions of the probation system on the applicable elements are too vague, which results in the judge abusing the discretion repeatedly. In the judicial aspect, the phenomenon of different judgments in the same case is common, and there is a lack of effective supervision in the stage of carrying out the inspection. The effect of criminal policy on probation is obvious, which seriously endangers the predictability and standardization of law. On this basis, the design of probation system in Anglo-American law system and civil law system is of great significance to our country. Whether in the application of probation, the system of consideration before the application of probation, the scope of application of probation, the duration and revocation of probation and other relevant provisions, or the investigation during the probation period, about the investigation organization, The systematic detail of the inspection contents and the rules of inspection mode condenses the experience and wisdom of the system forerunners. According to the present situation of our country and the overseas experience, we should try our best to perfect the probation system from three aspects: legislation construction, judicial system and situation policy guidance. At the legislative level, from the two aspects of relevant substantive law and procedural law, we should establish and improve the pretrial investigation system of suspended sentence, clarify the applicable conditions of probation, set up the burden mechanism of probation and the procedure of probation hearing. Judicial level, establish an independent sentencing procedures, sentencing guidance and jurisprudence guidance to guide sentencing, improve the sentencing reasons display system, improve the community correction system and establish a probation effect evaluation system. At the level of criminal policy, it focuses on carrying out the criminal policy of "combining leniency with severity" and popularizing the standardized concept of probation. In order to promote the process of perfecting the probation system of our country and realize the maximum value of the probation system, the three parties join forces and learn from each other to complement each other.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D924

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