论聚众犯罪

发布时间：2018-08-07 16:23

【摘要】：聚众犯罪是我国一种常见的犯罪类型，国外法律条文中虽然没有聚众犯罪这个概念，却有相类似的罪名。近年来，此类犯罪造成的社会影响越来越严重，更有人称之为“爆炸性罪”，可见其危害之大。因此，深入、迫切地研究“聚众犯罪”显得日益突出。然而，聚众犯罪在我国的刑法中并没有清晰的界定，理论上也没有给出明确的概念，在司法实践运用中各种分歧表现的很明显，这都给司法工作的正常进行造成了很大阻碍。本文中笔者以聚众犯罪基本理论为重点，结合司法实践，对聚众犯罪的基本问题展开深入探讨。本篇论文结构上大体分为三部分：第一部分主要是聚众犯罪的概述；第二部分重点分析了聚众犯罪的司法认定；第三部分结合笔者观点分析目前聚众犯罪的立法缺陷以及如何加以完善。第一部分的内容主要围绕聚众犯罪如何定义。聚众犯罪是我国特有的犯罪，根据其特殊性，笔者主要从聚众犯罪的概念、特征、构成、分类、以及现状等方面着手展开。第一，通过对国内理论界一些主流观点的对比分析，提出什么是聚众犯罪，即聚众犯罪是指刑法分则明文规定的，在首要分子的作用下以聚众的行为方式实施的一种特殊犯罪类型；然后根据聚众犯罪的概念，提出聚众犯罪具有“法定性”、“聚众性”、“首要分子必备性”的特征。第二，对聚众犯罪的构成要件从客体、客观方面、主体、主观方面四个部分进行了概述。第三，根据分类标准的不同，将聚众犯罪分为三类：纯正的聚众犯罪、选择的聚众犯罪、加重的聚众犯罪。第四，从国外和国内两方面对聚众犯罪的现状进行了分析。第二部分的内容，重点研究如何对聚众犯罪进行司法认定。笔者主要从“罪与非罪的认定”、“加重情节的认定”和“转化犯的认定”三个方面进行研究。那么，到底如何对聚众犯罪进行司法认定呢？第一，要明确如何将罪与非罪区分开，笔者认为要做到“三区分”，即“区分情节”、“区分主体”、“区分性质”。第二，分析刑法分则中聚众犯罪的加重情节，通过参加聚众犯罪的人数，实施犯罪行为的范围、规模、行为后果，以及参加者是否持械等方面对聚众犯罪的加重情节进行认定。第三，关于转化犯问题，，笔者首先分析了聚众犯罪转化犯的概念及其特征；然后对聚众犯罪转化犯的典型即“聚众斗殴罪的转化犯”以及聚众“打砸抢”的转化犯分别进行了分析。在第三部分内容里，加入了笔者的一些观点和看法，探讨了聚众犯罪都有哪些立法缺陷，从而结合自己的观点提出一些完善意见。第一，聚众犯罪是我国刑法中较大的类罪，但是立法上对聚众犯罪相关概念规定不够明确，导致目前理论界和实践中对聚众犯罪的界定不尽相同，给准确理解聚众犯罪的内涵，正确地进行司法适用，制造了障碍。针对此问题笔者建议增设“聚众犯罪”的法定概念。第二，虽然刑法分则中关于聚众犯罪的条文，大部分能够明确聚众犯罪的责任主体以及对首要分子和积极参加者如何定罪量刑，但仍有部分条文对聚众犯罪责任主体的规定不够明确，那么司法机关在审理聚众犯罪案件时，司法人员对聚众犯罪中规定不明确的犯罪主体，无法进行准确的认定，认定无法可依势必给司法实践和运用造成不良的后果。针对此问题笔者建议在刑法分则中明确聚众犯罪的责任主体。第三，刑法分则虽然对聚众“打砸抢”这一类型犯罪采取了规制手段，但仍有不合理因素存在，对聚众“打砸抢”犯罪中的“首要分子”、“积极分子”、“一般参加者”如何定罪量刑，有着不够合理的地方。针对该不足笔者认为应当合理定罪量刑聚众“打砸抢”行为，希望对聚众犯罪的研究以及司法完善有些帮助。
[Abstract]:The crime is a common type of crime in our country. Although there is no crime in foreign laws, there are similar crimes. In recent years, the social impact of such crimes is becoming more and more serious, and more people call it "Explosive Crime", which is very harmful. Therefore, the "crime of gathering" is studied deeply and urgently. However, there is no clear definition in the criminal law of our country, but there is no clear concept in theory. All kinds of differences in judicial practice are obvious. This has greatly hindered the normal conduct of judicial work. In this paper, the author focuses on the basic theory of the crime of gathering and combining with the Department. The basic problems of the crime are discussed in depth. The structure of this paper is divided into three parts: the first part is mainly the summary of the crime of gathering the crowd; the second part focuses on the analysis of the judicial cognizance of the congregation crime; the third part analyzes the legislative defects and how to perfect the present congregation crime in the light of the author's viewpoint.
The first part is mainly about the definition of the crime of gathering people. The crime is a special crime in our country. According to its particularity, the author begins with the concept, characteristics, composition, classification, and the status quo of the crime of gathering. First, through the comparative analysis of the mainstream views of the domestic theorists, the author puts forward what is the crime of gathering. Condense crime refers to a special type of crime which is prescribed by the penal code and under the role of the principal elements in the action of the crowd. Then, according to the concept of the crime of the crowd, it is proposed that the crime has the characteristics of "legality", "congenality" and "essential elements essential". Second, the constitution of the crime of gathering the crowd. Four parts are summarized from the object, the objective aspect, the subject and the subjective aspect. Third, according to the different classification standards, the crime of gathering the crowd is divided into three categories: the innocent crime, the selected crime of gathering, the aggravated crime of the crowd. Fourth, the present situation of the crime is analyzed from the two aspects of the foreign and domestic aspects.
The second part focuses on how to make judicial cognizance to the crime of the crowd. The author mainly studies the three aspects: "the identification of crime and non crime", "the affirmation of the aggravated plot" and "the cognizance of the transformation offenders". The author thinks it is necessary to make a "three distinction", that is, "distinguish the plot", "distinguish the subject", "distinguish the nature". Second, analyze the aggravated plot of the crime in the criminal code, through the number of people who participate in the crime, the scope, the scale, the consequences of the behavior, and whether the participants are armed, and the aggravation of the crime. Third, on the issue of transformation offense, the author first analyzes the concept and characteristics of the criminal transformation offender, and then analyzes the typical crime transformation offender, namely, "the transformation of the crime of fights in the crowd" and the transformation of the "smash and smash".
In the third part, we have joined the author's views and views, and discussed the legislative defects of the crime of gathering, and put forward some perfect opinions on the basis of his own viewpoint. First, the crime of gathering the crowd is a big crime in the criminal law of our country, but the relevant concept of the crime is not clear enough in the legislature, which leads to the current theoretical circle. The definition of the crime is different from the practice, to correctly understand the connotation of the crime, to correctly apply the judicial application, and to create the obstacles. In view of this problem, the author proposes to add the legal concept of "the crime of gathering the crowd". Second, although the provisions of the criminal law on the crime of gathering a lot, most of them can make clear the responsibility for the crime. As well as how to convict and sentencing the principal and active participants, there are still some provisions that are not clear enough on the provisions of the subject of the collective crime. Then, when the judicial organs hear the crime cases in the crowd, the judicial personnel can not make the exact identification of the subject of the crime, which can not be determined, and it is bound to be given to the Department. The practice and application of the law have caused bad consequences. In view of this problem, the author suggests that the subject of the responsibility for the crime of the public is clearly defined in the penal code. Third, although the penal code adopts the regulatory means to the type of crime of "smashing and stealing", there are still unreasonable factors and the "principal elements" in the crime of "smashing and smashing", " It is not reasonable enough for the activists to convict the sentencing of the general participants. In view of the deficiency, the author thinks that the "smashing and looting" should be made in a reasonable conviction and sentencing, hoping to help the research of the crime of gathering and the perfection of the judicature.
【学位授予单位】：河南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D924.36

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