胁从犯研究

发布时间：2018-08-29 15:04

【摘要】：胁从犯的产生和发展有独特的历史轨迹，它是由“胁从不问”的刑事政策发展演变而来的。本文拟从胁从犯的基本概述、胁从犯的犯罪构成要件以及胁从犯的困境及立法完善三大方面展开论述。第一部分，胁从犯的基本概述，包括其概念、特征和理论基础。胁从犯是指，因自身或其利益相关人的人身、财产等重大权益受到他人的暴力威胁或其他形式的胁迫，而不完全自愿地参与了共同犯罪，并对第三者的利益造成了一定损害的人。胁从犯的特征在于其参与犯罪的不完全自愿性以及在共同犯罪中起较小的作用。胁从犯的理论基础是从哲学、心理学、伦理学和刑法学四个方面探讨其应受刑罚处罚和轻缓的刑事责任的依据。第二部分，胁从犯的犯罪构成要件。本部分的重点在于对前提条件“胁迫”的认定，胁迫的成立应主要从其客观现实性、内容、程度、对象、时空条件以及特殊排除条件等六个方面加以严格限定。胁从犯的主观方面包括认识因素和意志因素：被胁迫者对其行为的危害性及所造成的结果应有认识，以及对危害结果有间接故意或过失。胁从犯的客观要件包括：参加了犯罪，行为损害了第三者的利益。成立胁从犯首先要以行为人参加了共同犯罪为前提；其次，行为人参与犯罪的方式可以是实行行为，也可以是帮助行为；最后，行为损害了第三者的利益，否则，可以直接适用刑法分则具体条文的规定，或者用正当防卫理论解决。第三部分主要围绕胁从犯在理论和实践中的困境，来说明《刑法》第28条的不合理之处，进而引发对胁从犯立法的反思，最后提出完善现行立法的建议，此部分是全文的重点。理论通说认为胁从犯在共同犯罪中具有独立地位，然而越来越多的学者主张取消其独立地位。《刑法》第28条不是胁从犯的立法依据，胁从犯也不是法定的独立共犯人，而是属于被胁迫行为之下的一个子概念，但是为了理论研究及司法实践的方便，“胁从犯”这一称谓仍然可以存在于理论及实践中。为了保证法律体系的完整性和协调性，胁从犯的规定应被包含于构成共犯的被胁迫行为的立法中，与其共同作为一类法定的量刑情节，并且区分层次，，依次对不构成犯罪的被胁迫行为和构成共犯的被胁迫行为的处罚依据加以规定。
[Abstract]:The emergence and development of coerced offenders have a unique historical track, which evolved from the criminal policy of "coercion without asking". This paper discusses three aspects: the basic outline of the accomplice, the constitutive elements of the accomplice, the predicament of the accomplice and the perfection of the legislation. The first part, the basic overview of the accomplice, including its concept, characteristics and theoretical basis. A coerced offender is a person who is not fully voluntarily involved in a joint crime because of the threat of violence or other forms of coercion by others for his or her vital rights and interests, such as personal, property, etc., A person who causes certain damage to the interests of a third party. The characteristics of the accomplice lie in its incomplete voluntary participation in the crime and its minor role in the joint crime. The theoretical basis of coerced crime is to probe into the basis of its punishment and light criminal responsibility from four aspects of philosophy, psychology, ethics and criminal law. The second part, the constituent elements of the crime of the accomplice. The main point of this part is that the establishment of coercion should be strictly limited from six aspects: objective reality, content, degree, object, space-time condition and special exclusion condition. The subjective aspect of the coerced offender includes cognitive factors and willpower factors: the coerced person should know the harm of his behavior and the result caused by it, as well as the indirect intention or fault of the harmful result. The objective elements of the accomplice include: taking part in the crime and harming the interests of the third party. The establishment of a coerce offender must first take the actor's participation in a joint crime as the premise; secondly, the actor may participate in the crime by carrying out an act or a helping act; finally, the act has harmed the interests of a third party, otherwise, the act is harmful to the interests of the third party. The specific provisions of the criminal law can be directly applied, or the theory of justifiable defense can be used to solve the problem. The third part mainly focuses on the predicament of coerced offender in theory and practice to explain the irrationality of Article 28 of the Criminal Law, and then cause the reflection on the legislation of coerced offender, and finally put forward some suggestions to perfect the current legislation, this part is the focal point of the full text. The theory holds that coerced offenders have independent status in joint crimes. However, more and more scholars advocate the abolition of their independent status. Article 28 of the Criminal Law is not the legislative basis for coerced offenders, nor is the coerced offender a statutory independent accomplice. But for the convenience of theoretical research and judicial practice, the term "coerced offender" can still exist in theory and practice. In order to ensure the integrity and coordination of the legal system, the provisions of coerced crime should be included in the legislation that constitutes the coerced act of accomplice, together with it as a kind of statutory circumstances of sentencing, and distinguish levels. The punishment basis of the coerced behavior which does not constitute a crime and the coerced act that constitutes an accomplice is stipulated in turn.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D924

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