刑法意义上的帮助行为研究

发布时间：2018-09-05 20:24

【摘要】：刑法意义上的帮助行为属于共同犯罪中的参与行为，也作为一类常见的行为类型散落于刑法规范的各个罪名之中。在刑法理论中，帮助行为一般都是作为帮助犯的客观方面进行分析，而未有全局和系统的研究。在司法实践中，基于帮助行为的类型多样化且日常生活化，存在着定性困难。因此对刑法意义上的帮助行为进行体系化的全面梳理和分析很有必要。本文由以下四部分组成，总共三万二百个字。第一部分，刑法意义上帮助行为的基本界定。首先，区分一般意义上的帮助行为与刑法意义上的帮助行为，本文以立足于刑法的视角对帮助行为进行体系化的研究；其次，对刑法意义上帮助行为的概念进行比较分析，区分广义的帮助行为和狭义的帮助行为，科学合理的界定其范围，使其在内涵和外延上与相关的概念（帮助犯、实行行为、教唆行为）得以界分，为下文全面分析和研究提供逻辑起点；最后，对刑法意义上帮助行为的特征和类型进行简单的梳理，在确定概念的前提下更深层次的了解帮助行为的特性，着重强调本文将刑法意义上的帮助行为以评价结果的不同区分为作为共犯中的帮助行为和帮助行为独立成罪，也是以下部分进行分析的前提。第二部分，帮助行为入罪的理论依据。这部分旨在更进一步从理论层面上去分析帮助行为入罪及其应受到处罚的依据何在，，且从微观和具体的层面对帮助行为的入罪设立具体的认定标准。按类型划分，先分析作为共犯中的帮助行为入罪的理论依据，通过将共犯处罚依据的相关学说结合我国共同犯罪的立法模式进行探讨，分析且论证因果共犯论的合理性；然后对我国《刑法》分则中将共同犯罪中的部分帮助行为上升为独立罪名的类型进行简单梳理并总结出独立成罪的理论基础，主要是基于法益的提前保护、刑事政策的要求等；最后，对共同犯罪中帮助行为入罪的具体标准进行认定，要求主客观相统一，站在前面所分析的因果共犯论的理论基础上运用案例着重分析帮助行为的因果性。第三部分，刑法意义上帮助行为的司法问题考察。在上文已经对帮助行为的理论部分系统且全面的研究之后，对刑法意义上的帮助行为在司法实践中存在的问题进行具体分析。着重考察中立帮助行为的可罚性问题，即在司法实践中具体的中立帮助行为是否可罚，可罚的标准如何；实行中帮助行为定性问题，学者们关于事中帮助行为最终被定性为帮助犯还是实行犯存在着分歧，实践中也存在问题；帮助型犯罪与相关联罪名的共犯区分问题，着重分析协助组织卖淫罪和介绍贿赂罪这两个罪名。第四部分，刑法意义上帮助行为所存问题的解决途径。在第三部分已经对刑法意义上的帮助行为相关问题进行考察的基础上，主要运用前面已经论述的基础理论知识，提出合理的解决上个部分总结出的问题的途径，明确对中立帮助行为入罪的综合标准的确立，实行中帮助行为定性标准的确立（以望风行为为例进行分析），和帮助型犯罪与相关联罪名的共犯界限标准（以介绍贿赂罪和协助组织卖淫罪为例）。
[Abstract]:The act of help in the sense of criminal law belongs to the act of participation in a joint crime, and is also a common type of behavior scattered among the various charges in the criminal law norms. Therefore, it is necessary to systematically sort out and analyze the acts of help in the sense of criminal law. This paper consists of the following four parts, a total of 32,000 words.
The first part is the basic definition of the act of help in the sense of criminal law. Firstly, it distinguishes the act of help in the general sense from the act of help in the sense of criminal law. In order to define the scope of the act of help in a narrow sense scientifically and reasonably, so as to distinguish its connotation and denotation from the related concepts (aiders, acts of instigation) and provide a logical starting point for the following comprehensive analysis and research; finally, the characteristics and types of the act of help in the sense of criminal law are simply combed to determine the concept. Under the premise of a deeper understanding of the characteristics of the act of help, this article emphasizes that the different evaluation results of the act of help in the criminal law will be divided into the act of help as an accomplice and the act of help as an independent crime, is also the premise of the following analysis.
The second part is the theoretical basis of the conviction of the act of help. This part aims to further analyze the basis of the conviction of the act of help and the punishment it should be punished from the theoretical level, and establish specific standards for the conviction of the act of help from the micro and specific level. Theoretical basis, by combining the theory of punishment basis of accomplice with the legislative model of joint crime in our country, this paper analyzes and demonstrates the rationality of the theory of causal accomplice; then, it simply combs out the types of independent charges in the sub-provisions of the Criminal Law of our country, and summarizes the types of independent crime. The theoretical basis is mainly based on the advance protection of legal interests, the requirements of criminal policy, etc. Finally, the specific criteria for the conviction of a helping act in a joint crime are identified, which requires the unification of subjective and objective, standing on the theoretical basis of the theory of causal accomplice analyzed above, and using cases to analyze the causality of the helping act emphatically.
The third part is about the judicial problems of the act of help in the sense of criminal law.After the systematic and comprehensive study of the theoretical part of the act of help in the above part, the author makes a concrete analysis of the problems existing in the judicial practice of the act of help in the sense of criminal law. Whether the act of neutral help is punishable or not, how about the standard of punishable; how to determine the nature of the act of help in practice? Scholars have different opinions about whether the act of help in the matter is ultimately classified as an accomplice or a perpetrator, and there are also problems in practice; how to distinguish the accomplice between the act of help and the related charges, focusing on the analysis of the crime of helping to organize prostitution And the two accusations of bribery.
The fourth part is the way to solve the problems of the act of help in the sense of criminal law. On the basis of the investigation of the relevant problems of the act of help in the sense of criminal law in the third part, mainly using the basic theoretical knowledge discussed earlier, the author puts forward the reasonable way to solve the problems summarized in the previous part and makes clear the neutral act of help. The establishment of the comprehensive criteria for conviction, the establishment of the qualitative criteria for helping acts in practice (taking the act of looking out for the wind as an example), and the criteria for the boundary of accomplices between helping crimes and related charges (taking the crime of bribery and the crime of assisting in organizing prostitution as an example).
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D924

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