我国老年人犯罪从宽处罚立法研究

发布时间：2018-09-11 13:26

【摘要】：随着社会物质生活水平的提高,医疗技术水平大幅度提升及非正常死亡率的降低,人口的平均寿命越来越长。劳动力人口数量的下降和社会福利负担的增加等一些系列问题都已引起了重视。老年人问题对于我们的困扰不仅仅是人口再生产的问题,还牵扯到社会的诸多方面,老年人犯罪就是其中一个。2011年2月25日由第十一届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第十九次会议通过的《刑法修正案(八)》,在新中国刑法立法上从三个方面首次创建了老年人犯罪从宽的刑罚制度。这些条文明确规定了老年人犯罪的从宽性处理,是遵循宽严相济的刑事政策的重要体现。在严惩严重犯罪的同时,进一步完善了刑法中从宽处理的规定,以更好地体现出中国特色社会主义刑法的文明和人道主义。长期以来,对于老年人犯罪问题理论界存在一些不恰当认识,关于老年人犯罪理论界系统的研究也十分匮乏,没有为老年人主张权益的呼声,致使老年人群体缺乏足够的保障。因此,需要明确观念以正视听,让更多的人认识到老年人问题有研究的必要性。老年人犯罪问题之所以成为一个令人关注的话题,就是因为其有探讨的必要。老年人犯罪是社会客观存在的现象,老龄化社会的到来加剧了老年人问题与社会发展之间的矛盾。老年人是社会的—个特殊群体,伴随着年龄的增长,在生理和心理上逐渐发生着变化,其与一般成年人相比存在许多不同的地方,因此我们需要对他们做出更多的有利于他们的考虑。但是我国的立法与司法实践中对老年人的保护的制度确立得比较晚,正确认识老年人犯罪,准确地分析老年人犯罪应该适用的刑罚,才能更好地体现刑法的基本原则。对这一社会热点问题的研究,有利于把法学理论知识运用在社会实践当中,帮助解决社会的矛盾问题,提高自身的法律素养；同时也为这一新生的制度找出一些不足的地方和提出有关完善的建议,为推动我国的法制化建设出一份力量。全文共分为三个部分。主要针对《刑法修正案(八)》关于老年人犯罪从宽处理的相关规定作出理性思考,得出老年人犯罪从宽处理的相关依据,并且给出老年人犯罪从宽处理的相关建议。第一部分,老年人犯罪概述。该部分由论文前四章组成。阐述了国内外研究现状,对老年人犯罪的定义和特点进行了论述。并对老年人犯罪的发展趋势进行了分析。第二部分,老年人犯罪从宽处理引起的争议及理性思考。该部分由论文的第四、五章组成。阐述立法现状,就老年人犯罪从宽处理引起的争议进行论述,并从法理依据和生理依据对老年人犯罪从轻处罚进行可行性分析。第三部分,对老年人犯罪从宽处罚的立法建议。该部分论述了对老年人犯罪的刑罚裁量的立法建议和刑罚执行的立法建议。提出适当降低从轻处罚年龄界限,设置刑事责任年龄上限,适当放宽老年人减刑、假释的条件和对老年人适用死刑进行限制等问题提出了具体的建议。
[Abstract]:With the improvement of social material living standards, the improvement of medical technology and the reduction of abnormal mortality, the average life span of the population is getting longer and longer. The issue of production also involves many aspects of society, including crimes committed by the elderly. The Amendment to the Criminal Law (8) adopted by the 19th meeting of the Standing Committee of the 11th National People's Congress on February 25, 2011 has created a lenient penalty system for crimes committed by the elderly for the first time in three aspects in the legislation of the Criminal Law of New China. These provisions clearly stipulate lenient treatment of crimes committed by the elderly, which is an important embodiment of the criminal policy of Combining Leniency with severity. While severely punishing serious crimes, the provisions of leniency in criminal law are further improved to better reflect the civilization and humanism of socialist criminal law with Chinese characteristics.
For a long time, there have been some inappropriate understandings about the crime of the elderly in the theoretical circles, and the systematic research on the crime of the elderly is also very scarce. There is no voice for the rights and interests of the elderly, resulting in the lack of adequate protection for the elderly group. There is a need for research.
The reason why the crime of the elderly has become a topic of concern is that it is necessary to discuss it. The crime of the elderly is an objective social phenomenon. The arrival of an aging society has intensified the contradiction between the problem of the elderly and social development. Psychologically, there are many differences between them and adults, so we need to consider them more favorably. However, the protection system for the elderly has been established relatively late in China's legislation and judicial practice. We should correctly understand the crimes committed by the elderly and accurately analyze the crimes committed by the elderly. Crime should be applicable to the penalty, in order to better reflect the basic principles of criminal law. The study of this hot social issues, is conducive to the application of legal theory and knowledge in social practice, to help solve social contradictions, improve their own legal literacy; but also for this new system to find some shortcomings and put forward. We should improve our proposals to promote the building of a legal system in China.
This paper is divided into three parts. It mainly considers the relevant provisions on lenient treatment of crimes committed by the elderly in accordance with the Amendment to the Criminal Law (8). It draws the relevant basis for lenient treatment of crimes committed by the elderly, and gives relevant suggestions for lenient treatment of crimes committed by the elderly. The first part is an overview of crimes committed by the elderly. Cheng. This paper expounds the research status at home and abroad, discusses the definition and characteristics of the crime committed by the elderly, and analyzes the development trend of the crime committed by the elderly. The second part is the controversy and rational thinking caused by lenient treatment of the crime committed by the elderly. This part is composed of the fourth and fifth chapters of the paper. It expounds the legislative status quo and lenient treatment of the crime committed by the elderly. The third part is the legislative suggestion of lenient punishment for the elderly crime. This part discusses the legislative suggestion of the penalty discretion for the elderly crime and the legislative suggestion of the penalty execution. Some concrete suggestions are put forward, such as the age limit of punishment, the upper age limit of criminal responsibility, the appropriate relaxation of the old people's commutation of sentence, the conditions of parole and the restriction of the old people's death penalty.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D924.1

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