死刑适用与民意互动关系的研究

发布时间：2018-09-12 13:31

【摘要】：当前我国正处于社会转型期,面临着贫富分化、结构转换、机制转轨、利益重整和观念转变等等尖锐问题。在这样一种过渡性社会中往往充满了各种社会冲突与动荡,而司法是社会正义的最后一道防线,死刑适用更是最后一道防线中的重中之重。随着法治建设的推进,民众法律意识增强,对于一些涉及权贵或官民之争或弱势群体维权的死刑案件颇多关注,特别是在自媒体发展的助推下,民意的表达更加顺畅,民意能够迅速凝聚成一股强大的力量,并成为影响某些案件死刑适用的重要因素。民众对个案的关注并不仅仅局限于个案本身的案情或者是个案的审判结果,而是关注个案背后所折射的不同利益群体。该个案之所以被民众关注,是因为它触发了民众广泛的利益认同,具备了一定的公共性,从而形成了利益表达和维护的需要。一旦处理不妥,这种民意就可能发展为对社会不满,对政府不满,对司法不满,从而进一步加剧民意与司法的冲突。从历史来看,死刑适用与民意之间的互动关系由来已久,随着法治建设的推进,民意与死刑适用的互动更加深入,更加频繁,民意在死刑适用中的影响也不可忽视。从实践来看,民意对死刑适用判决的影响,似乎并无明显的规律性、确定性可言。笔者收集了大量民意关注的刑事个案,通过整理分析发现,在某些案件中,民意对死刑判决的促进作用可能是明显的、正面的、积极的,但在另外一些案件中,民意对死刑判决可能带来了负面影响。因此有必要进一步厘清民意在死刑适用中的客观影响,厘清其影响力、影响面、影响方式等,分析其背后的原因及规律之所在。通过对涉及死刑适用的个案的研究可以看出,对于一些残忍杀害被害人或贪赃枉法或身份为“官二代”、“富二代”的被告人,民意几乎一致要求判其死刑,这其中就蕴含了民众仇官仇富的心态,而这种心态的产生又得归结于社会转型时期的贫富分化、社会分层等；对于一些弱势群体与权贵斗争的案件,民意大多要求对弱势群体轻判,对权贵重判,这其中就体现了当前社会弱势群体遭受了许多的不公平不公正的待遇,民众希望通过个案的呼吁来改变现状；对于一些精英犯案或者新型案件,民意分歧较大,也期望司法做出公正判决来引导民众行为,这说明随着社会的转型,更多的新的矛盾不断涌现,如何正确面对,民众需要司法做出正确引导。当前我国死刑适用与民意之间的关系的应然走向是民意的影响可以促进司法改革,让死刑适用更加规范；死刑适用的规范也会让民意更加信服,从而更加支持司法审判,同时死刑适用与民意之间将会有更多的互动。当然,民意不能直接影响个案,这不是公平正义,甚至可能是最大的不公平,因此我们需要用制度引导死刑适用与民意良性互动,正确的死刑适用能带动民意的支持,民意的极大影响会促进死刑适用的改革,两者相互促进,共同作用于转型期的中国,共同促进中国法治社会的发展。域外发达国家处理死刑适用与民意之间互动关系的方式、方法值得我们学习。在这些国家,民意不能直接影响死刑适用,但是民意可以通过合法途径进入到审判阶段或者在立法阶段就把民意纳入考虑中,从而发挥民意应有的作用。在研习域外经验的同时,应结合我国实际,总结出适合我国当前形势的恰当方法,保障我国死刑适用与民意保持良性互动。首先死刑适用应该要尊重民意、甄别民意、引导民意,不能一味地顺从民意；其次要通过多项措施保障死刑适用与民意的良性互动：一是加强法制宣传,培养良好死刑观念,以良好的死刑观念来改变民众一味地要求杀人偿命的陈旧观念；二是建立良好制度,引导民意进入司法,让理性的民意发挥其应有的作用；三是规范媒体报道,尽力保障信息真实,防止片面的信息误导民众；四是坚持公正审判,严格树立司法权威,让司法公正赢得民众的信任；五是公开审判信息,全面消除民意误解,让权力在阳光下运行。
[Abstract]:At present, China is in the period of social transformation, facing the sharp problems of polarization between the rich and the poor, structural transformation, mechanism transformation, interest reorganization and concept transformation, etc. With the advancement of the rule of law, people's legal awareness has been strengthened, and much attention has been paid to some death penalty cases involving the disputes between the nobles or the officials and the people or the protection of the rights of the vulnerable groups. Especially with the help of the development of the media, the expression of public opinion has become smoother, and public opinion can quickly condense into a powerful force and become an influence on certain cases of death. The public's attention to the case is not limited to the case itself or the outcome of the case, but to the different interest groups reflected behind the case. The reason why the case is concerned by the public is that it triggers the public's widespread interest recognition and has a certain degree of publicity. Once it is not properly handled, this public opinion may develop into social dissatisfaction, dissatisfaction with the government, dissatisfaction with the judiciary, thus further intensifying the conflict between public opinion and the judiciary.
Historically, the interaction between the application of the death penalty and public opinion has a long history. With the advancement of the rule of law, the interaction between public opinion and the application of the death penalty has become deeper and more frequent, and the influence of public opinion on the application of the death penalty can not be ignored. The author collects a large number of criminal cases concerned by public opinion, and finds that in some cases, public opinion may play an obvious, positive and positive role in promoting the death penalty judgment, but in other cases, public opinion may have a negative impact on the death penalty judgment. Therefore, it is necessary to further clarify the role of public opinion in the death penalty. Through the study of the cases involving the application of the death penalty, we can see that the public opinion almost unanimously requests the accused who murders the victim cruelly or perverts the law or who is the second generation of officials or the second generation of rich people. The death penalty implies the people's mentality of hating the officials and the rich, which is attributed to the polarization of the rich and the poor and social stratification in the period of social transformation. In some cases of the struggle between the vulnerable groups and the powerful and noble, public opinion mostly demands a light judgment on the vulnerable groups and a heavy judgment on the power and nobility, which reflects the current social vulnerability. Groups have suffered a lot of unfair and unfair treatment, the people hope to change the status quo through the appeal of individual cases; for some elite crimes or new cases, public opinion divergence is greater, but also expect the judiciary to make a fair judgment to guide the people's behavior, which shows that with the social transformation, more and more new contradictions continue to emerge, how to correct Faced with this, people need judicial guidance.
The trend of the relationship between the application of death penalty and public opinion in China is that the influence of public opinion can promote judicial reform and make the application of death penalty more standardized; the application of death penalty can also make public opinion more convinced, thus supporting judicial trial more, and there will be more interaction between the application of death penalty and public opinion. Influencing individual cases is not fair and just, and may even be the biggest unfair, so we need to use the system to guide the application of the death penalty and public opinion benign interaction, the correct application of the death penalty can lead to the support of public opinion, the great impact of public opinion will promote the reform of the application of the death penalty, the two mutually promote and work together in China during the transition period to promote. The development of China's rule of law society.
In these countries, public opinion can not directly affect the application of the death penalty, but public opinion can enter the trial stage through legal channels or take public opinion into consideration in the legislative stage, so as to play its due role. At the same time, we should sum up the appropriate methods to suit the current situation of our country and ensure the positive interaction between the application of death penalty and public opinion. Benign interaction: first, strengthen legal publicity, cultivate a good concept of death penalty, with a good concept of death penalty to change the people blindly demand the old concept of killing people to pay for their lives; second, establish a good system to guide public opinion into the judiciary, so that rational public opinion to play its due role; third, standardize media coverage, try to ensure the truth of information. Fourth, we should adhere to a fair trial, strictly establish judicial authority, so that judicial justice can win the trust of the people. Fifth, we should make public trial information, eliminate misunderstanding of public opinion and let power run in the sun.
【学位授予单位】：江西财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D924.1

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