论我国环境刑事责任立法完善

发布时间：2018-09-17 09:08

【摘要】：环境问题已成为世界范围内的热点问题,而运用环境刑事法律追究环境犯罪行为人的刑事责任成为普遍共识。因此,目前世界上绝大多数国家对环境刑事法律立法及完善工作逐步展开,取得了前所未有的成效。由于我国受到经济发展水平的限制,长期处于社会主义初期阶段。因此,根据我国环境保护现实情况的需要,制定出符合国情的环保领域的法律法规,通过完善的环境保护法律来保障社会主义市场经济的顺利运行,同时做好环境保护工作。我国是《联合国气候变化框架公约》和《京都议定书》的签订国家,将根据我国经济社会发展情况认真履行环境保护方面的各项承诺,使更多的国家能够自觉加入到降低温室气体排放、保护人类共同家园中来。但目前《民法通则》、《环境保护法》等法律法规不足以维护我国被肆意破坏的环境,而刑法介入环境保护就变得异常迫切。而环境刑事责任的研究与完善目的是为刑法更有力的保护我们的生存环境、促进经济的可持续发展,增强我国国际竞争力作出应有贡献。刑法作为打击环境犯罪的最有力保障,怎样能发挥发挥出最大的预防和惩治环境犯罪机能,已经成为各国学者研究的重点。本文从中、外环境刑事责任相关研究情况出发,运用相关环境刑事责任理论,在环境刑法理论的支撑之下,对我国环境犯罪刑事责任问题进行阐述,并提出对策。共分为五个章节,分别从低碳经济时代下环境刑事责任的新要求、环境刑事责任理论、对英、美、德、日四国环境刑事责任相关规定、我国环境刑事责任的现状和不足和我国环境刑事责任的完善五个章节来阐述：文章的第一章,介绍了当前世界上环境问题的严重性和解决好环境问题的重大意义、研究当下为何以环境刑事责任去解决环境问题、阐述了环境刑事责任的背景、目的及意义、以及国内外研究概况。文章的第二章,介绍了环境刑事责任的概念与特征、性质、功能、承担方式并展开阐述和分析。文章的第三章,对我国目前环境刑事责任存在的问题进行阐述,包括环境刑事责任能力缺陷,归责原则存在的问题及实现方式上存在的不足之处。文章的第四章,详细阐述了英国、美国、德国、日本等环境保护先进国家的环境刑事责任的相关规定,对四国环境刑事责任的特点进行介绍与分析,通过比较与分析得出对我国环境刑事责任的完善有哪些可借鉴之处。文章最后一章,重点介绍了我国环境刑事责任制度的完善和环境刑事责任刑罚与非刑罚方式的完善等内容。
[Abstract]:Environmental issues have become a hot issue in the world, and it has become a common understanding to investigate the criminal responsibility of environmental criminals by using the environmental criminal law. Therefore, most countries in the world have made unprecedented achievements in the legislation and perfection of environmental criminal law. Because our country is restricted by the level of economic development, it is in the initial stage of socialism for a long time. Therefore, according to the needs of our country's environmental protection, the laws and regulations in the field of environmental protection are formulated to ensure the smooth operation of the socialist market economy through perfect environmental protection laws, and at the same time, the work of environmental protection is done well. As a signatory to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate change and the Kyoto Protocol, China will conscientiously implement its environmental protection commitments in the light of its economic and social development. So that more countries can consciously join in reducing greenhouse gas emissions and protecting the common home of mankind. But at present, the laws and regulations such as "General principles of Civil Law" and "Environmental Protection Law" are not enough to protect the environment of our country, and the intervention of criminal law in environmental protection becomes extremely urgent. The purpose of the research and perfection of environmental criminal responsibility is to make due contribution to the criminal law to protect our living environment, promote the sustainable development of economy and strengthen our country's international competitiveness. As the most powerful safeguard against environmental crime, criminal law has become the focus of scholars in various countries, how to bring into play the function of preventing and punishing environmental crime. From the point of view of the related research situation of Chinese and foreign environmental criminal responsibility, this paper applies the relevant environmental criminal responsibility theory, under the support of the environmental criminal law theory, expounds the criminal responsibility problem of our country's environmental crime, and puts forward the countermeasures. It is divided into five chapters, including the new requirements of environmental criminal responsibility in the era of low-carbon economy, the theory of environmental criminal responsibility, and the relevant provisions on environmental criminal liability of Britain, the United States, Germany and Japan. The present situation and deficiency of our country's environmental criminal responsibility and the perfection of our country's environmental criminal responsibility are expounded in the following five chapters: the first chapter introduces the seriousness of the environmental problems in the world and the great significance of solving the environmental problems. This paper studies why environmental criminal responsibility is used to solve environmental problems, and expounds the background, purpose and significance of environmental criminal responsibility, as well as the research situation at home and abroad. The second chapter introduces the concept and characteristics of environmental criminal responsibility, its nature, function, way of undertaking, and its elaboration and analysis. In the third chapter, the problems existing in environmental criminal responsibility in our country are expounded, including the defects of environmental criminal responsibility ability, the problems existing in the principle of imputation and the shortcomings in the way of realization. In the fourth chapter, the article elaborates the relevant regulations of environmental criminal responsibility of advanced countries such as Britain, the United States, Germany, Japan and so on, and introduces and analyzes the characteristics of the four countries' environmental criminal liability. Through comparison and analysis, the author draws a conclusion about the perfection of environmental criminal responsibility in China. In the last chapter, the author mainly introduces the perfection of environmental criminal responsibility system and the perfection of penalty and non-penalty mode of environmental criminal responsibility in China.
【学位授予单位】：东北林业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D924.36

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