论持续侵害与正当防卫的关系

发布时间：2018-10-05 08:16

【摘要】：在司法实务中,必须充分重视持续侵害行为的特殊性,防止错误限定正当防卫的成立范围。针对持续侵害的反击行为造成死伤后果的,在司法判断逻辑上应当优先考虑能否适用《刑法》第20条第3款的规定。只有在其适用存在障碍时,才根据《刑法》第20条第2款检验防卫行为是否明显超过必要限度。对持续侵害状态下的防卫相当性判断应建构一系列规则,无论持续侵害外观上是否平和,防卫人即便造成对方死伤的,也应当肯定反击行为的防卫性质;在持续侵害发生时,防卫人使用类似"挥刀乱捅"的防卫手段的,也可能成立正当防卫;当防卫人展示防卫工具时,对持续侵害人主动迎上前的,要评价为系其主动升高不法侵害危险,防卫人后续造成的后果应归属于侵害一方;在持续侵害过程中,如果能够认定危险处于累积升高的状态,即便防卫人突然实施防卫强度较高的手段造成不法侵害者死伤的,也不能一概否定正当防卫的成立。
[Abstract]:In the judicial practice, we must pay full attention to the particularity of the continuous infringement and prevent the mistake of limiting the scope of the establishment of legitimate defense. In order to deal with the death or injury caused by the counterattack, the judicial judgment should give priority to the application of Article 20, paragraph 3, of the Criminal Law. Only when there is an obstacle to its application is a test under article 20, paragraph 2, of the Criminal Code whether the act of defence clearly exceeds the necessary limit. A series of rules should be constructed to judge the defense equivalence under the condition of continuous aggression. No matter whether the sustained aggression is peaceful or not, the defensive nature of the counterattack should be affirmed even if the defender causes death or injury to the other party. If a defender uses a defensive means similar to "stabbing and stabbing", he may also establish justifiable defense. When the defender displays his defense tools, he should take the initiative to meet the continuous aggressor and evaluate it as the initiative to increase the risk of unlawful aggression. The subsequent consequences of the defender shall be attributed to the infringing party; if, in the course of the continued aggression, the danger can be determined to be in a state of cumulative increase, even if the defender suddenly implements a means of high defense intensity, causing the death or injury of the wrongdoer, Nor can the establishment of self-defense be denied.
【作者单位】：清华大学法学院;
【基金】：国家社科基金重大项目《我国刑法修正的理论模型与制度实践研究》(项目批准号:16ZDA060)的资助
【分类号】：D924.1

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