论诉讼诈骗罪的认定和处罚

发布时间：2018-10-16 10:43

【摘要】：随着我国市场经济的不断发展,社会主义法律制度的不断完善,法律成为越来越多的公民维护自己合法权益的武器。但是由于法律具有的滞后性等原因,些社会主体开始利用我国实体法和程序法上的部分漏洞为自己谋取不正当利益,这一行为反映在社会经济活动中表现为一种新型的诈骗模式——诉讼诈骗。由于现实中诉讼诈骗行为呈现出多样性的特点,加之我国理论界对于诉讼诈骗的定义也未达成共识,因此对诉讼诈骗行为应当如何定义和定性以及应当适用何种法律进行规制,大家的看法各不相同。虽然理论界对于诉讼诈骗的定义尚存争议,但是对其行为的特点也有一定的共识,即行为人通过进行虚假诉讼,欺骗司法机关,使司法机关对案件的真实情况作出错误的判断进而做出错误的判决,来实现其非法占有的目的。从社会现实角度来看,诉讼诈骗侵犯的不仅是公民的合法财产以及财产性权利,也对我国司法机关的正常审判秩序造成了破坏,更加损害了法律的公信力与尊严。从法律规制的角度来说,诉讼诈骗具备十分严重的社会危害性,已超出民事诉讼法律的调整范围,具有充分的刑事当罚性,应当由刑法对其进行规制。然而,由于刑法的滞后性等原因,我国现阶段对于诉讼诈骗行为只能由民事法律对其进行规制,但由于民法特点的限制对其的惩罚力度较轻,无法达到有效遏制诉讼诈骗发生的目的。我国刑法学界虽然对诉讼诈骗的危害性已经有了较为清晰的认识,但是由于刑法条文中对该行为应当如何进行规制没有明确规定,最高人民检察院的“答复”又不足以解决全部问题,因此司法机关对诉讼诈骗的处理结果并不相同,这也在一定程度上损害了我国法制的统一。因此从理论上对诉讼诈骗进行清晰的界定将大大有助于未来我国对诉讼诈骗的刑法规制。本文将分四个部分对诉讼诈骗行为的概念界定与罪刑认定两方面问题进行研究,并提出一些立法构想以对诉讼诈骗进行有效规制。第一部分为从司法实践看诉讼诈骗的认定。该部分在简要介绍诉讼诈骗现象的基础上,提出我国理论界与司法实践部门对诉讼诈骗定义的认识,并介绍外国刑法理论中对诉讼诈骗的定义,引出下文。第二部分,即诉讼诈骗的定性问题讨论：在分析国内外有关诉讼诈骗定性的法律规定和理论争议的基础上提出笔者对诉讼诈骗定性的观点。第三部分,为诉讼诈骗罪的立法构想,主要讨论了诉讼诈骗罪的构成和法定刑设计。第四部分,是对诉讼诈骗罪其他问题的说明,包括诉讼诈骗罪与非罪、此罪与彼罪、诉讼诈骗罪的停止形态等。
[Abstract]:With the development of the market economy and the perfection of the socialist legal system, the law has become a weapon for more and more citizens to safeguard their legitimate rights and interests. However, due to the lagging nature of the law, some social subjects began to take advantage of some loopholes in our substantive law and procedural law to seek improper interests for themselves. This behavior is reflected in social and economic activities as a new type of fraud-litigation fraud. Due to the diversity of litigation fraud in reality and the lack of consensus on the definition of litigation fraud in our country, how to define and characterize litigation fraud and what laws should be applied should be regulated. People have different views. Although the definition of litigation fraud is still controversial in the theoretical circle, there is a certain consensus on the characteristics of its behavior, that is, the perpetrator deceives the judicial organs by conducting false litigation. To make the judiciary make a wrong judgment on the true situation of the case and then make the wrong judgment to achieve the purpose of illegal possession. From the point of view of social reality, litigation fraud infringes not only on citizens' legal property and property rights, but also on the normal judicial order of our country, and on the credibility and dignity of the law. From the perspective of legal regulation, litigation fraud has a very serious social harm, has exceeded the scope of the adjustment of civil litigation law, has sufficient criminal punishment, should be regulated by the criminal law. However, due to the lag of criminal law and other reasons, our country can only regulate litigation fraud by civil law at this stage, but its punishment is relatively light due to the limitation of civil law characteristics. Can not achieve the purpose of effectively curbing the occurrence of litigation fraud. Although there has been a clear understanding of the harmfulness of litigation fraud in the criminal law circles of our country, however, there is no clear stipulation on how to regulate the behavior in the articles of criminal law. The "reply" of the Supreme people's Procuratorate is not enough to solve all the problems, so the result of the judicial organ dealing with the litigation fraud is not the same, which also damages the unification of our country's legal system to some extent. Therefore, a clear definition of litigation fraud in theory will greatly contribute to the criminal law regulation of litigation fraud in the future. This article will divide into four parts to carry on the research to the litigation fraud concept definition and the crime and punishment cognizance two aspects question, and proposes some legislative ideas to carry on the effective regulation to the lawsuit fraud. The first part is the cognizance of litigation fraud from judicial practice. On the basis of brief introduction of litigation fraud, this part puts forward the understanding of the definition of litigation fraud in our country's theoretical circle and judicial practice department, and introduces the definition of litigation fraud in foreign criminal law theory, which leads to the following. The second part discusses the qualitative problem of litigation fraud: based on the analysis of the legal provisions and theoretical disputes about the characterization of litigation fraud at home and abroad, the author puts forward the author's point of view on the qualitative nature of litigation fraud. The third part mainly discusses the constitution and the legal penalty design of the lawsuit fraud crime. The fourth part is the explanation of other problems of the crime of litigation fraud, including the crime of litigation fraud and non-crime, this crime and that crime, the form of cessation of the crime of litigation fraud, and so on.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D924.3

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