组织考试作弊罪问题研究

发布时间：2018-10-21 16:27

【摘要】：考试是国家选拔人才及检验人才水平的重要方式,随着社会的进步和迅速发展,社会竞争越来越激烈,在功利思想的驱使下,人们往往选择通过考试作弊获取不正当利益来达到最终目的。考试作弊泛滥的现象,严重破坏了国家考试制度和正常的社会管理秩序,严重损害了考生公平公正的权利。2015年8月,全国人大常委会审议通过了《中华人民共和国刑法修正案(九)》(以下简称《修九》),在《修九》第25条中,共有四款条文规定了有关考试作弊的刑事责任,其中第1款和第2款规定的是组织考试作弊行为,《罪名补充规定》将这两款罪名确定为——组织考试作弊罪。组织考试作弊罪的制定,虽然从法律应然层面解决了法律依据问题,但在立法方面仍存在不足之处,需要完善立法。在司法适用方面也存在认定不清的问题,需要司法解释进一步明确。本文将从组织考试作弊罪相关法律规定出发,对学者们争议的焦点问题进行提炼、整合,结合学者们的观点进行分析。本文主要分为三个章节进行研究论证:第一章,是本文的绪论,其中第一部分是简述本文的选题背景和选题意义;第二部分是分析和整合国内学者对组织考试作弊罪相关问题研究做的文献综述;第三部分是本文在研究过程中使用的研究方法。第二章,简述我国组织考试作弊罪的立法问题。第一部分是组织考试作弊罪的立法概况,其中包括行政法规的相关规定以及《修九》中关于组织考试作弊罪的立法规定。《修九》颁布前,我国主要是通过行政处罚的手段来处理考试作弊行为,但由于打击力度不够大,效果并不明显。因此《修九》将组织考试作弊罪纳入刑法规制,加大了对组织考试作弊行为的惩罚力度,不仅对改革与完善教育法起到鼓舞与促进作用,也能有效遏制作弊现象泛滥的趋势。第二部分,主要是关于组织考试作弊罪中立法存在的问题。本文以该罪的构成要件为出发点,围绕该罪主观、客观、主体、客体四个方面中存在的问题进行阐述并分析,以此提出该罪在立法方面未明确的概念问题,如“国家考试”范围不明确的问题、“组织行为”如何界定的问题、“考试作弊”行为如何界定以及与“一般违纪行为”的区别的问题、组织考试作弊罪中“其他帮助行为”的认定问题等。针对这些问题,笔者通过分析国家考试的基本概念和分类,明确了“法律规定的国家考试”的范围;通过比较本罪“组织行为”与其他罪组织行为的不同,分析“其他帮助”行为与本罪“组织行为”的关系,对本罪“组织”行为和“其他帮助”行为进行了明确的界定;通过对比“考试作弊”与“一般违纪”的对比,确定了考试作弊的范围。对本罪立法不明确的概念加以明确规定,以确保在司法实践中得以有效地实施。第三章,主要是关于组织考试作弊罪在司法认定方面存在的问题。《修九》对组织考试作弊罪在司法适用中关于“罪与非罪”、“情节严重”、“共犯”、“犯罪既遂”的认定问题没有做具体规定,因此在司法实践过程中,就会产生概念模糊,导致适用困难和适用标准不一等情况。因此本文着重讨论组织考试作弊罪中“罪与非罪”的认定、“情节严重”的认定,“共犯”的认定、“犯罪既遂”的认定这四个问题。针对这几个问题,笔者通过对“罪与非罪”、“情节严重”、“共犯”“犯罪既遂”的概念分别进行阐述,并结合刑法相关理论知识分析,对这几个问题的认定予以确定,以期待该罪在今后司法适用过程中能得到正确理解和运用。
[Abstract]:Examination is an important way of selecting talents and checking talent level in the country. With the progress of society and the rapid development of society, social competition becomes more and more intense. Under the driven of utility ideology, people often choose to obtain improper benefits through examination cheating to achieve the ultimate goal. The phenomenon of cheating in the examination seriously damaged the state examination system and the normal social management order, seriously damaged the right of the examinee to be fair and just. In August 2015, The Standing Committee of the National People's Congress (NPC) has considered the adoption of the amendments to the Criminal Law of the People's Republic of China (9) (hereinafter referred to as" 9) ", and in Article 25 of the Regulations of the People's Republic of China, there are four provisions which provide for criminal responsibility for cheating in the examination. Article 1 and paragraph 2 provide for the examination of cheating in the organization, and the" supplementary regulations on charges" shall be determined as the crime of cheating on the examination of the organization examination. The formulation of the crime of organizing examination cheating, although the legal basis problem is solved from the legal basis, there are still some shortcomings in the legislation, and the legislation needs to be improved. In the judicial application, there are problems that are not clear, and the judicial interpretation is further clarified. This paper, based on the relevant legal provisions of the organization examination cheating crime, makes an analysis of the focus of the scholars' controversy, combining the scholars' point of view. The thesis is divided into three chapters: Chapter 1, the introduction of this paper, the first part is the background of the topic selection and the significance of the topic selection. The third part is the research method used in the research process. The second chapter introduces the legislative problem of organizing examination cheating in our country. The first part is the legislative outline of the organization examination cheating crime, which includes the relevant provisions of the administrative regulations and the legislative provisions on the crime of organizing examination cheating in 9>. Before promulgation, our country mainly deals with cheating in examination by means of administrative penalty, but it is not obvious because it is not strong enough. Therefore, it is not only encouraging and promoting the reform and perfecting the education law, but also can restrain the tendency of the cheating phenomenon effectively. The second part is the question about the existence of legislation in the crime of organizing examination cheating. Based on the constitutive requirements of the crime, this paper expounds and analyzes the problems existing in the four aspects of subjective, objective, subject and object of the crime. National Examination the scope is not clear, "Organizational Behavior" how to define the problem, "cheating in the exam" How the behavior is defined and associated with "General Hospital" The difference between the problem of the distinction of the organization examination and the crime of cheating. Other help behavior Identification issues, etc. In view of these problems, the author analyzes the basic concept and classification of national examination, and makes clear that National Examination as prescribed by Law The scope of a crime; by comparing the crime. "Organizational Behavior" Different from other crime organization behavior, analysis Additional Help Behavior and Crime "Organizational Behavior" The relationship between the crime and the crime "Organization" Behavior and Additional Help A clear definition of conduct; by contrast. "cheating in the exam" AND "General discipline" By contrast, the scope of cheating in the exam was determined. The concept of ambiguous legislation is clearly defined in order to ensure that it is effectively implemented in judicial practice. The third chapter mainly deals with the problems in the judicial cognizance of the crime of organizing examination cheating. <10. 9> The crime of cheating in the organization examination is related to the application of justice Crime and Non-sin, "If the circumstances are serious"," accomplice "," Crime is not only "The identification problem did not specifically stipulate that, in the course of judicial practice, the concept of ambiguity would arise, resulting in the application of difficulties and the non-inferiority of applicable standards. Therefore, this paper focuses on discussing the crime of organizing examination cheating Crime and Non-sin in the opinion of the Secretary-General," If the circumstances are serious" in the opinion of the Secretary-General, "accomplice" in the opinion of the Secretary-General, "Crime is not only" These four questions are identified. In view of these problems, the author tries to solve these problems Crime and Non-sin, "If the circumstances are serious"," Accomplices" and "Crime" The concept of the crime is elaborated separately, and combined with the relevant theoretical knowledge analysis of criminal law, the determination of these problems is determined so as to expect the crime to be correctly understood and applied in the future judicial application process.
【学位授予单位】：贵州民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D924.3

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