被害人承诺导入罪刑判定机制研究

发布时间：2018-10-21 20:17

【摘要】：被害人承诺理论充分尊重了被害人的自主决定权,并且契合了刑法的谦抑精神。对被害人承诺理论进行研究,不仅有利于进一步明确相关行为人的刑事责任,并且可以准确的对行为人进行定罪量刑。但是以我国现在刑事法学的研究现状来说,对被害人承诺相关问题研究的尚不够深入,仍有进一步探索的空间。本文通过对国内外对于被害人承诺导入罪刑判定进行思考,提出了自己的一些想法,希望能对被害人承诺在我国的立法和司法发展提供一些理论依据。全文分为四个部分,共36000字。第一部分：被害人承诺影响罪刑判定的立法以及司法现状。首先,对域外以及域内关于被害人承诺的立法做了简单的、有代表性的论述。笔者认为,相较于域外刑法中对被害人承诺的明文规定以及分则中的相关被害人承诺的具体规定体现被害人承诺对定罪量刑的影响,我国刑法对于被害人承诺的规定仍属空白,这对于实践中出现类似情况极为不利。其次,通过对域外及国内被害人承诺在司法过程中的影响进行相比较,可以看出,由于我国未有关于被害人承诺的相关立法规定,导致实践中涉及到此类司法问题时,由于法官素质及相关部门的考虑不同,相同或相似的情形可能导致不同的法律结果。第二部分：被害人承诺导入定罪量刑机制的必要性分析。通过对被害人承诺在我国的立法与司法现状的缺陷分析以及根源探究,将被害人承诺导入罪刑判定机制是使被害人成为法律主体,促进刑法机能实现以及实现刑法的谦抑目标,促进法律公平之实现的必然要求。第三部分：被害人承诺导入定罪量刑机制的实现途径。首先,应当确立被害人在刑事法律关系中的主体地位。然后,分别在总则与分则中对被害人承诺予以立法明确。在刑法总则中,应当将其置于正当防卫和紧急避险之后,作为一条正当性事由。而对于被害人承诺在分则中的法定化,则在被害人承诺问题比较典型的性行为、医疗行为、故意伤害行为以及拐卖行为中分别予以论述：对于性行为中的“违背被害人意志”的认定的问题,提出应当依据一定的客观情况来判断被害人对性行为所持的同意或者不同意的态度。而对于医疗行为中推定的被害人承诺是否有效的问题,必须遵循有利代理原则。当权利人失去承诺能力时,代理人基于特定的关系可以代替被害人做出推定的承诺,但是必须符合权利人的利益。而是否符合权利人的利益的判断标准在医疗行为中的标准也很简单明了,就是以保护生命、减小生命危险以及最大限度的降低权利承载者的伤害程度的顺序来进行利益衡量。而对于得到被害人承诺的拐卖行为,根据优势法益的分析比较,拐卖行为的最大法益应当是个人不被买卖的自由,当此法益被放弃时,法律则不应当对其进行干涉。
[Abstract]:The theory of victim commitment fully respects the independent decision of the victim and accords with the modesty spirit of criminal law. The research on the theory of victim commitment is not only conducive to further clarify the criminal responsibility of the relevant actors, but also can accurately convict and sentence the perpetrator. However, with the present situation of criminal law research in our country, the research on victim commitment is not deep enough, and there is still room for further exploration. In this paper, the author thinks about the victim's commitment to the crime and punishment judgment, and puts forward some ideas, hoping to provide some theoretical basis for the victim's commitment to the legislative and judicial development in our country. The full text is divided into four parts, a total of 36000 words. The first part: the victim promises to influence the legislation and the judicial status. Firstly, the author makes a simple and representative discussion on the legislation of victim commitment. The author believes that, compared with the explicit provisions on the victim's commitment in the extraterritorial criminal law and the specific provisions of the relevant victim's commitment in the sub-rule, which reflect the effect of the victim's commitment on the conviction and sentencing, the provisions of our criminal law concerning the victim's commitment are still blank. This is extremely disadvantageous to the occurrence of similar situations in practice. Secondly, by comparing the influence of the foreign and domestic victim commitment in the judicial process, we can see that because of the absence of relevant legislative provisions on victim commitment in China, this kind of judicial issues are involved in practice. The same or similar circumstances may lead to different legal outcomes due to the different qualities of judges and the consideration of relevant departments. The second part: the analysis of the necessity of the victim's commitment to introduce the conviction and sentencing mechanism. By analyzing the defects of the victim's commitment in our country's legislation and judicature and probing into the root cause, it is necessary to introduce the victim's promise into the judgment mechanism of crime and punishment, which is to make the victim become the subject of law, to promote the realization of the function of criminal law and to realize the modest goal of criminal law. The inevitable requirement of promoting the realization of legal fairness. The third part: the victim promises to introduce the conviction and sentencing mechanism. First of all, we should establish the subjective position of the victim in the criminal legal relationship. Then, in the general principles and sub-provisions of the victim commitment to legislation. In the general principles of criminal law, it should be placed after legitimate defense and emergency avoidance as a legitimate reason. For the legalization of the victim's commitment in the specific provisions, the victim's commitment is more typical of sexual behavior and medical behavior. Intentional injury and abduction are discussed separately: the problem of "against the will of the victim" in the sexual act, The author suggests that the victim's consent or disapproval to sexual behavior should be judged according to certain objective circumstances. The principle of favorable agency must be followed to solve the problem of whether the presumed victim's commitment is effective or not. When the obligee loses the commitment ability, the agent based on the specific relationship can make the presumptive commitment instead of the victim, but it must be in the interest of the obligee. And the standard of judging whether it accords with the benefit of the right holder is also very simple and clear, which is to measure the benefit by the order of protecting life, reducing the danger of life and minimizing the degree of injury of the right bearer. According to the analysis and comparison of the advantage legal interest, the biggest legal benefit of the abduction behavior should be the individual's freedom not to be bought and sold, and the law should not interfere with it when the profit is given up.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D914

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