单位实施自然人犯罪问题研究

发布时间：2018-10-30 07:21

【摘要】：本文以单位实施自然人犯罪为研究对象,以单位犯罪中单位主体与单位成员承担刑事责任依据为理论支撑,并结合案例中遇到的问题进行比较分析,即实在的个人行为与拟制的单位行为,实在的受刑主体——个人与拟制的受刑主体——单位,共同构成刑罚责难的主体。对于单位主体实施自然人犯罪,理论的最终出路还是依赖于刑法典的修订上,通过修法的方式全面确立自然人犯罪与单位犯罪的二元立法模式,将只能由自然人自身身体动静完成的犯罪排除在单位犯罪之外,并辅之以公布指导性案例的方式达到对社会行为本身的引导。本文除去引言和结语分为四个部分：第一部分,主要介绍单位实施自然人犯罪的实务案例及引发对单位犯罪法定性原则理解的争论和单位可否实施自然人犯罪的争论。第二部分,司法解释在单位实施自然人犯罪问题上的分歧。针对单位主体实施自然人犯罪问题,我国最高司法机关也都在各自的职权范围内试图排除这一实践困扰,但又由于各自所持立场的不同,对同类问题的处理确给出了不甚统一的司法解释,这就使本已矛盾重重单位犯罪问题雪上加霜。第三部分,学界对单位实施自然人犯罪问题的大争论。主要存在否定说、肯定说和折衷说三种观点,笔者赞同肯定说的主张,即当单位主体实施了刑法规范中明确表述为自然人犯罪时,对于单位内部成员以自然人犯罪的构成要件进行处罚,以弥补立法上的不足。第四部分,单位实施自然人犯罪的论证。对于单位犯罪的特殊表现形式,即单位所实施的自然人犯罪行为如何进行评价,以及能否进入刑事法律评价的视野,同样都来源于对单位犯罪承担刑事责任的解读。现实的刑事立法就是在充分肯定单位能够独立承担刑事责任基础上设置相关问题的推演。组织体责任及单位成员独立性、从属性恰当地揭露单位及单位成员承担刑法责难的基础,且符合我国立法所表达的实际。至于最终单位能否承担刑事责任,因罪刑法定条件的限定只能寄希望于我国刑事政策的调整以扩大单位犯罪的成立范围。
[Abstract]:This article takes the unit to carry out the natural person crime as the research object, takes the unit subject and the unit member to bear the criminal responsibility basis in the unit crime as the theoretical support, and unifies the case to meet the question carries on the comparative analysis, That is, the real individual behavior and the fictitious unit behavior, the real subject of punishment-the individual and the fictitious subject of punishment-the unit, together constitute the subject of punishment. For the unit subject to carry out the crime of natural person, the ultimate way out of the theory still depends on the revision of the criminal code, and the dual legislative mode of natural person crime and unit crime is fully established by amending the law. The crime which can only be accomplished by the natural person's own body motion is excluded from the unit crime, and the guidance to the social behavior is achieved by publishing the guiding cases. Apart from the introduction and conclusion, this paper is divided into four parts: the first part mainly introduces the practical cases of natural person crime committed by the unit and the controversy about the understanding of the legal principle of unit crime and whether the unit can carry out the crime of natural person. The second part, the judicial interpretation in the unit to implement the problem of natural person crime differences. With regard to the crime of natural person in the unit subject, the highest judicial organs of our country also try to eliminate this practical perplexity in their respective areas of competence, but because of their different positions, The judicial interpretation of the similar problems is not uniform, which makes the problem of unit crime worse. The third part, the academic circles to the unit implements the natural person crime question big debate. There are three main points of view: negation, affirmation and compromise. The author agrees with the affirmation, that is, when the unit subject implements the criminal law norm, it is clearly expressed as the crime of natural person. The internal members of the unit are punished by the constitutive elements of natural person crime in order to make up for the deficiency in legislation. The fourth part, the unit implements the natural person crime demonstration. The special manifestation of unit crime, that is, how to evaluate the crime of natural person committed by the unit and whether it can enter the field of criminal law evaluation, also comes from the interpretation of the criminal responsibility of unit crime. The realistic criminal legislation is the deduction of the related problems on the basis of fully affirming that the unit can bear the criminal responsibility independently. The organizational responsibility and the independence of the members of the unit should properly reveal the basis of the criminal law responsibility of the unit and its members, and accord with the reality expressed by the legislation of our country. As to whether the final unit can bear criminal responsibility, the limitation of the condition of legally prescribed punishment for a crime can only depend on the adjustment of our country's criminal policy in order to expand the scope of the establishment of unit crime.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D924.11

【共引文献】