被害人样态刑法地位之证成——以中国传统四要件犯罪构成体系为切入点

发布时间：2018-11-03 19:55

【摘要】：在中国传统犯罪构成理论下,四要件与阻却事由是并列关系,由于但书的存在,犯罪成立甚至需要进行3次评价,加之四要件只是符合与否的判断而没有程度的考量,导致被害人过错、被害人同意、被害人特殊状况等被害人样态被散布于四要件、阻却事由、但书、酌定量刑情节中讨论,无法统一在四要件体系中找到其应有的地位,其影响刑法评价的根据变得扑朔迷离。实际上,如果对四要件体系的内涵做实质性和扩张性解释,把违法阻却事由、社会关系破坏程度、主观恶性大小等内容涵摄于客观方面、客体、主观方面,那么被害人样态在犯罪构成体系中就拥有相应的地位,其影响刑法评价也就有了统一的根据。
[Abstract]:Under the traditional Chinese crime constitution theory, the four elements and the reasons of obstruction are juxtaposed. Due to the existence of proviso, the establishment of the crime even needs to be evaluated three times. As a result of the fault of the victim, the consent of the victim, the special situation of the victim, and so on, the victim's appearance is scattered in the four elements, which prevents the cause. However, the discussion in the discretion of the circumstances of sentencing can not be unified in the system of the four elements to find its due position. The basis of its influence on the evaluation of criminal law becomes confusing. In fact, if we make a substantive and expansive interpretation of the connotation of the four-element system and include the contents of the illegal obstruction, the degree of social relations destruction, the size of the subjective malignancy, and so on, in the objective, the object, and the subjective aspects, Then the victim's behavior has the corresponding position in the crime constitution system, and its influence criminal law evaluation also has the unified basis.
【作者单位】：西南政法大学法学院;
【基金】：国家社科基金项目资助“刑法适用公众参与机制研究”(13BFX057) 重庆市教育科学规划课题“留守儿童犯罪被害预防能力提升的教育对策研究”(2016-GX-033) 重庆市教委科研创新项目“乡土社会‘越轨共同体’行为防控路径之实证研究”(CYB16082) 受西南政法大学及法学院研究生创新项目中央财政支持地方高校建设项目“特殊群体权利保护与犯罪预防研究创新团队”资助
【分类号】：D924.1

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