论妨害作证罪中的妨害作证行为

发布时间：2018-11-11 07:32

【摘要】：妨害作证行为破坏了司法秩序，影响了司法机关的正常诉讼活动，是具有严重社会危害性的妨害司法行为，对该行为进行细致研究十分必要。以妨害作证行为的文理含义为前提，以我国现行立法、刑法理论界和司法实践对妨害作证行为的理解为基础，妨害作证行为的概念可以界定为：在诉讼开始前或诉讼活动过程中，行为人故意以暴力、威胁、贿买等方法阻止证人作证或者指使他人作伪证的行为。妨害作证行为可以发生于三大诉讼的诉讼开始前或诉讼活动过程中。具体行为方式是以暴力、威胁、贿买等方法阻止证人作证或者指使他人作伪证。所谓阻止证人作证，是指采用劝阻、唆使等方式不让证人向司法机关及其工作人员提供证言。所谓指使他人作伪证，是指教唆、指示他人作违背事实的证言，提交违背事实的鉴定结论，指使翻译人、记录人作虚假翻译、记录等。在三种具体的手段行为中，“暴力”是指采取殴打、捆绑、拘禁等方式，使证人受到严重限制甚至丧失自由而不敢作证或无法作证；“威胁”是指以杀害、伤害证人及其亲属，或者毁坏其财产、揭露其隐私等方法相威胁，迫使证人不敢作证。“贿买”是指通过实际给付或者许诺给付一定的金钱、财物或者其他物质性利益的方法，收买证人使其不愿作证。妨害作证行为的对象，包括“证人”和“他人”两种。其中，，“证人”指当事人以外了解案件情况负有向司法机关作证义务的人；“他人”则既包括狭义的证人，还包括被害人、鉴定人、记录人、翻译人以及其他不知道案情的人。要深刻理解妨害作证行为，还要对司法实践中容易与妨害作证行为混淆的行为进行区分。妨害作证行为与辩护人、诉讼代理人妨害作证行为在主体、发生范围、侵犯客体、行为对象及表现等方面不尽相同；妨害作证行为通过对“证人”和“他人”施加影响实现对证人证言的妨害，而帮助毁灭、伪造证据行为则直接通过帮助当事人毁灭、伪造证据实现对证据的妨害；妨害作证行为表现为阻止证人作证或者指使他人作伪证，而伪证行为表现为本人亲自向司法机关作伪证，包庇行为则表现为明知是犯罪的人而作假证明予以包庇。正确界定妨害作证行为与这几种行为的界限不仅是我们研究妨害作证行为的重要部分，同时对指导司法实践也具有重要意义。
[Abstract]:The act of obstruction of testimony destroys the judicial order and affects the normal litigation activities of the judicial organs. It is a serious social harmful act of obstruction of justice. It is very necessary to conduct a detailed study on this act. On the premise of the meaning of obstruction of testifying, on the basis of the current legislation of our country, the understanding of the obstruction of testifying in the theoretical circle of criminal law and judicial practice, The concept of obstruction of testimony can be defined as the behavior of preventing witnesses from testifying or instructing others to give false testimony by means of violence, threat, bribery and so on, before or during the process of litigation. Obstruction of testimony can occur before the commencement of the three major litigation or in the process of litigation. The specific behavior is to prevent witnesses from testifying or instructing others to give false testimony by means of violence, threats, bribery and so on. Preventing witnesses from testifying means dissuading and abetting witnesses from giving testimony to judicial organs and their staff. To instruct others to perjury refers to abetting, instructing others to give testimony against facts, submitting conclusions of identification against facts, instructing translators and record-takers to make false translations, records, etc. In the three specific means of conduct, "violence" refers to the use of beating, binding, detention and other means, so that witnesses are severely restricted or deprived of their liberty to testify or unable to testify; "threat" means threatening to kill, injure witnesses and their relatives, or destroy their property and reveal their privacy, forcing witnesses to dare not testify. "bribery" refers to the purchase of a witness by paying or promising a certain amount of money, property or other material benefits to make him unwilling to testify. The object of obstructing testimony includes "witness" and "other". Among them, "witness" refers to a person other than a party who has the duty to testify before a judicial organ, while "other person" includes both a narrow sense of witness and victims, experts, recorders, translators and other persons who do not know the circumstances of the case. In order to understand the behavior of obstructing testimony deeply, we should distinguish the behavior which is easy to be confused with the act of obstructing testimony in judicial practice. The act of obstructing testimony is different from that of defender and agent ad litem in subject, scope of occurrence, object of infringement, object of action and performance. The act of obstructing testimony realizes the obstruction of witness's testimony by exerting influence on "witness" and "other person", while the act of falsifying evidence realizes the obstruction of evidence directly by helping the parties to destroy and falsifying evidence. The behavior of hindering testimony is preventing witnesses from giving testimony or instructing others to give false testimony, and perjury is manifested as personal perjury to the judicial organ, and the act of covering up is that the person who knows it is a crime is protected by false proof. It is not only an important part of our research on obstruction to testify, but also of great significance to guide judicial practice.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D924.36

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