受贿罪贿赂范围研究
发布时间：2018-11-11 11:03
【摘要】：贿赂犯罪一直是我国刑事法律打击的重点,它腐蚀着我国公职人员职务行为的廉洁性,破环了公平正义的社会主义法则,而且具有很强的隐蔽性,历来成为司法机关打击的重点。市场经济的飞速发展,现实生活更加复杂多变,为逃避法律的制裁,犯罪分子往往采用更加掩人耳目的方式来实施贿赂犯罪。贿赂由最初的金钱、财物发展为免除债务、虚设债权、免费装修、免费旅游。现在又出现了更加隐蔽的手段来实施行贿,如提供就业的机会、职位晋升机会、出国机会、授予荣誉称号,提供性服务等等。我国刑法依然固守财产性利益为贿赂的范围,显然已经无法满足现实打击贿赂犯罪的需要,亟待立法完善。我国加入联合国反腐败公约,在反腐败上与国际接轨,我国刑法急需要完善从而满足打击贿赂犯罪的国际合作的需要。本文首先从刘志军案入手引出贿赂的概念、特征、分类,对贿赂的基本情况有一个简单的了解。在分析贿赂的概念时,对贿赂范围的发展历史进行一个回顾,贿赂犯罪历史悠久,从古至今一直是统治阶级打击的重点。从春秋战国时期的“五过之疵”,到唐朝的六赃罪名。建国初期没有规定单独的贿赂罪,而是将其规定为贪污罪中,1979年刑法将贿赂犯罪从贪污罪中独立出来,贿赂范围为财物。此后2007年的司法解释将贿赂范围扩大至财产性利益。贿赂的特点包括与职务密切的关联性、贿赂对象的特定性、贿赂能够满足人的某种需要以及贿赂与职务具有对价性。按照广义的理解,贿赂本质上是一种利益输送,大致可以分为帮助型利益、“感情型”利益、信息型利益、替代性利益、权利型利益。第二部分分析了贿赂范围扩大至非财产性利益面临的困境和必要性。面临的困境主要有三个方面:第一,礼尚往来的文化传统造成罪与非罪的界限模糊;第二,入罪后面临的量刑标准难以把握;第三,司法实践中取证困难。非财产性利益入罪的必要性包括:符合贿赂犯罪权钱交易的本质特征,新形势下打击贿赂犯罪的客观要求,履行联合国反腐败公约义务的要求,同时也是刑法与时俱进的要求。第三部分分析论述理论学界对非财产性利益入刑的三种观点,财物说、财产性利益说、利益说或需要说。财物说的范围仅限金钱和财物,财产性利益说主张贿赂的范围扩大至可以用金钱衡量财产性利益,需要说或利益说认为,贿赂范围不但包括财物和财产性利益,而且还应当包括无法用金钱衡量的非财产性利益。以性贿赂为范例,分析了性贿赂的概念、现状,纳入刑法规制的必然性、可行性,以及对我国刑法如何规范性贿赂犯罪提出法律建议。第四部分提出完善我国刑事立法、扩大贿赂范围的法律构想,分析大陆法系和英美法系国家以及我国港澳台地区的刑法对贿赂范围的规定。提出适度扩张贿赂的范围,以司法解释的形式对非财产性利益的法律内涵加以限定,取消单一“计赃定罪”的定罪量刑模式。
[Abstract]:The crime of bribery has always been the main point of the criminal law in our country, it is corrupt the integrity of the duty of public officials in our country, the law of the socialism with the fair and justice is broken, and it has a strong concealment, which has always been the focus of the fight against the judiciary. With the rapid development of the market economy, the real life is more and more complex and changeable. In order to avoid the sanction of the law, the criminals tend to adopt the way to make the crime of bribery more and more. The bribe is developed from the original money and property to the relief of the debt, the dummy's claim, the free decoration, and the free travel. There is now a more subtle approach to the practice of bribery, such as the opportunity to provide employment, job promotion opportunities, opportunities for going abroad, the award of the honorary title, the provision of sexual services, and the like. The criminal law of our country still keeps the property interest as the scope of the bribery, it is obviously unable to meet the reality of the demand of the bribery crime, and it is urgent to make the legislation perfect. China's accession to the United Nations Convention against Corruption is in line with international law, and the criminal law of our country needs to be perfected in order to meet the need of international cooperation to combat bribery. This paper first introduces the concept, characteristics and classification of bribery from the case of Liu Zhijun, and has a simple understanding of the basic situation of bribery. In the analysis of the concept of bribery, it is a review of the history of the development of the scope of bribery, which has a long history and has been the focus of the ruling class. From the 鈥渇ive-way fault鈥，
本文编号：2324638
[Abstract]:The crime of bribery has always been the main point of the criminal law in our country, it is corrupt the integrity of the duty of public officials in our country, the law of the socialism with the fair and justice is broken, and it has a strong concealment, which has always been the focus of the fight against the judiciary. With the rapid development of the market economy, the real life is more and more complex and changeable. In order to avoid the sanction of the law, the criminals tend to adopt the way to make the crime of bribery more and more. The bribe is developed from the original money and property to the relief of the debt, the dummy's claim, the free decoration, and the free travel. There is now a more subtle approach to the practice of bribery, such as the opportunity to provide employment, job promotion opportunities, opportunities for going abroad, the award of the honorary title, the provision of sexual services, and the like. The criminal law of our country still keeps the property interest as the scope of the bribery, it is obviously unable to meet the reality of the demand of the bribery crime, and it is urgent to make the legislation perfect. China's accession to the United Nations Convention against Corruption is in line with international law, and the criminal law of our country needs to be perfected in order to meet the need of international cooperation to combat bribery. This paper first introduces the concept, characteristics and classification of bribery from the case of Liu Zhijun, and has a simple understanding of the basic situation of bribery. In the analysis of the concept of bribery, it is a review of the history of the development of the scope of bribery, which has a long history and has been the focus of the ruling class. From the 鈥渇ive-way fault鈥，
本文编号：2324638
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