论以危险方法危害公共安全罪的司法认定

发布时间：2018-11-18 14:26

【摘要】：本文研究的是以危险方法危害公共安全罪的司法认定。以危险方法危害公共安全罪属于我国刑法第二章的罪名。由于刑法条文对本罪中公共安全、危险方法、危险状态、间接故意的规定表述过于简单和抽象，模棱两可，导致本罪在理解上有逐渐宽泛化和适用中逐渐泛滥化的现象。笔者通过此论文，对该罪的特定要件进行观点评析和限制解释，以防止该罪出现口袋化的趋势。本篇论文共分为四个部分：第一部分是对公共安全进行的司法认定。通过“碰瓷案件”，引出国内外公共安全的观点并进行评析，界定了公共安全的范围和内容，厘清了公共安全中“不特定”和“多数人”的关系。最后笔者得出结论，，刑法意义上的公共安全为多数人或者不特定人的生命、身体或者重大公私财产安全。第二部分是对危险方法进行的司法认定，通过“瘦肉精”一案，引出对危险方法内容和性质的观点并进行评析。指出危险方法只应该限定与放火等四种行为相当的方法，排除刑法其他已有专门明文规定的危害行为；而危险相当性作为危险方法的性质，就是有可能侵害公共安全的危害结果和现实可能性，它具有直接性、独立性、一次性等特征。第三部分是对危险状态进行的司法认定。通过“肖永灵邮寄虚假炭疽杆菌”一案，引出该罪是何种危险犯以及对该罪危险状态的观点并进行评析。得出本罪属于具体危险犯，其危险状态既包括一行为的实施所造成的客观损失后果，又包括危害行为所转化成的现实危险，即有对本罪的法益造成威胁或向现实危险发展的可能性和紧迫性。最后详细阐述了符合本罪危险状态所必备的影响因素，即客观性、法律性、可期待性、现实可能性。第四部分是对间接故意进行的司法认定。通过“孙伟铭”一案，引出对间接故意的不同观点及评析，界定间接故意的判断标准，阐述对认识因素“明知可能”和意志因素“放任”的具体理解，提出不同案件的主观罪过要根据具体情况和各个证据进行综合分析的观点。由于在司法实践中，本罪逐渐出现了滥用的态势，所以在本篇论文中，笔者从大量典型的真实发生的实践案例入手，从四种不同角度分别思考了“以危险方法危害公共安全罪”如何在司法实践中得到正确的界定与运用，展开了对以危险方法危害公共安全罪的研究。结合自己的理解，对理论观点和案例进行详细的分析。以使得可以合理理解和准确把握以危险方法危害公共安全罪的司法认定。
[Abstract]:This article studies the judicial determination of the crime of endangering public security by dangerous methods. The crime of endangering public safety by dangerous means belongs to the second chapter of our criminal law. Because the provisions of the criminal law on public safety, dangerous methods, dangerous state, indirect intent are too simple and abstract, ambiguous, resulting in this crime in the understanding of the gradually broad and the application of the phenomenon of flooding. Through this paper, the author analyzes and explains the specific elements of the crime in order to prevent the crime from becoming pocket. This thesis is divided into four parts: the first part is the judicial cognizance of public security. Through the case of "touching porcelain", this paper draws the point of view of public safety at home and abroad and evaluates it, defines the scope and content of public security, and clarifies the relationship between "non-specific" and "majority" in public security. Finally, the author draws a conclusion that the public security in criminal law is the life, body or important public and private property safety of most or no specific people. The second part is the judicial cognizance of the dangerous method, through the case of "lean meat essence", the viewpoint of the content and nature of the dangerous method is elicited and evaluated. It is pointed out that the dangerous method should only limit the four kinds of behavior which are equivalent to arson, and exclude other harmful acts which have been specifically stipulated in the criminal law. As the nature of dangerous method, hazard equivalence is the result and possibility of harming public safety. It has the characteristics of directness, independence and one-off. The third part is the judicial determination of the dangerous state. Through the case of Shao Yongling mailing false Bacillus anthracis, the author points out what kind of dangerous crime the crime is and the dangerous state of the crime. It is concluded that this crime is a specific dangerous crime, and its dangerous state includes both the objective loss and consequences caused by the implementation of an act, and the actual danger transformed by the harmful act. That is to say, there is the possibility and urgency of threatening the legal interests of this crime or developing to the real danger. Finally, the necessary influencing factors of the dangerous state of the crime, namely objectivity, legality, expectability and realistic possibility, are expounded in detail. The fourth part is the judicial cognizance of indirect intention. Through the case of Sun Weiming, this paper draws out different viewpoints and comments on indirect intention, defines the criterion of indirect intention, and expounds the concrete understanding of the cognitive factor "knowing the possibility" and the will factor "laissez-faire". This paper puts forward the viewpoint that subjective guilt of different cases should be analyzed synthetically according to concrete situation and evidence. Due to the abuse of this crime in judicial practice, the author starts with a large number of typical real practice cases in this paper. From four different angles, this paper considers how to define and apply the crime of endangering public security by dangerous method in judicial practice, and studies the crime of endangering public security by dangerous method. Combined with their own understanding, theoretical views and cases are analyzed in detail. In order to make a reasonable understanding and accurate grasp of dangerous methods of endangering public security crimes judicial determination.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D924.32

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