“宽严相济”的刑事政策下未成人犯罪矫正处遇研究

发布时间：2018-12-06 19:40

【摘要】：未成年人犯罪是世界性面临的难题,它不仅仅是犯罪学领域长时间的研究热点,而且是社会学领域的重要内容。未成年犯罪堪称一面镜子,可以反射出不同国家在特定时期的社会问题。各个国家和地区对未成年人犯罪问题高度重视,未成年人是一个特殊群体,主要以保护为原则,在法律法规的制定过程中普遍采取了区别成年犯的处遇措施。我国采取“宽严相济”的刑事政策,要求针对不同的犯罪对象区别化对待,世轻世重。该刑事政策适用于未成年人犯罪,更多体现的是从“宽”的内容,一味的“宽”有弱化处遇的惩罚功能之嫌,不利于未成年人犯罪的一般预防和特殊预防。为了更好地预防和打击犯罪,降低未成年人犯罪重复率,基于未成年人的特殊性,刑事政策的“严”则应落实在矫正处遇。良好的矫正效果有助于犯罪未成年人回归到正常的社会轨道,有利于社会秩序的稳定,还有利于未成年人的行为出现偏差后经过矫正可以重新健康成长。“宽”与“严”落实在不同层面,同样体现对未成年人权益的保护。从法律依据上看,我国未成年人犯罪的相关规定,主要呈现在《刑法》、《未成年人保护法》、《预防未成年人犯罪法》和《义务教育法》等几部法律中。从操作模式上看,我国矫正处遇主要有四种,包括未成年犯的监狱矫正、未成年人的社区矫正、收容教养的矫正和工读学校的矫正。四种矫正处遇适用于不同种类的未成年人犯罪,在实际操作过程,适用的范围宽广不同,矫正的内容和方式有异。本文首先对我国目前未成年人犯罪的矫正处遇现状进行了研究,包括未成年人犯罪的基本特征,以及“宽严相济”的刑事政策下,我国未成人矫正处遇的形成。其次对我国四种具体的矫正处遇模式进行了详细的阐述,并分别总结了其中存在的问题。再次通过典型矫正处遇模式研究了解国外对未成年人犯罪矫正的先进理念、科学方法和技术以及合理化的制度设计,结合与我国的矫正处遇的比较,发掘值得我们学习和借鉴的内容。最后对完善我国未成年人犯罪矫正处遇体系提出了具体建议。
[Abstract]:Juvenile delinquency is a difficult problem in the world. It is not only a long time research hotspot in the field of criminology, but also an important content in the field of sociology. Juvenile crime can be called a mirror, can reflect the social problems of different countries in a specific period. All countries and regions attach great importance to the problem of juvenile delinquency, minors are a special group, mainly based on the principle of protection, in the process of making laws and regulations, they generally take measures to distinguish adult offenders. Our country adopts the criminal policy of "combining leniency and strict punishment", which requires different treatment according to different object of crime. This criminal policy is applicable to juvenile delinquency, which reflects the content of "leniency", and blindly "leniency" has the suspicion of punishment function of weakening, which is unfavorable to the general prevention and special prevention of juvenile delinquency. In order to better prevent and crack down on crime and reduce the repetition rate of juvenile delinquency, based on the particularity of minors, the "strictness" of criminal policy should be carried out in correction. Good corrective effect is helpful for juvenile delinquents to return to the normal social track, to the stability of social order, but also conducive to juvenile behavior deviation after correction can be healthy growth again. "leniency" and "strictness" are implemented at different levels, which also reflect the protection of minors' rights and interests. In terms of legal basis, the relevant provisions of juvenile delinquency in China are mainly presented in several laws, such as the Criminal Law, the Law on the Protection of minors, the Law on the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency and the Law on compulsory Education. From the point of view of operation mode, there are four kinds of correctional treatment in our country, including juvenile prison correction, minor community correction, reception correction and work-study school correction. The four kinds of correction departments are suitable for different types of juvenile delinquency. In the practical operation, the scope of application is different, and the contents and ways of correction are different. Firstly, this paper studies the current situation of juvenile delinquency correction in China, including the basic characteristics of juvenile delinquency, and the formation of juvenile correction department under the criminal policy of "combining leniency and strict punishment". Secondly, this paper expatiates on the four kinds of specific correction models in China, and summarizes the existing problems respectively. Thirdly, through the research of the typical correctional treatment mode, we understand the advanced concepts, scientific methods and techniques, and the rational system design of the correction of juvenile delinquency in foreign countries, and combine the comparison with the correction treatment in our country. Explore the content that we should learn and draw lessons from. At last, some suggestions are put forward to perfect the system of juvenile delinquency correction department in our country.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D924.1

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