英美刑法正当防卫中的“躲避原则”及其启示

发布时间：2018-12-08 10:24

【摘要】："躲避原则"即在使用致命性暴力防卫时,如果可以安全躲避,应当先行躲避,只有在不能躲避的情况下才能够杀死不法侵害者或对其造成致命伤害。"躲避原则"是英美刑法正当防卫中的一项重要原则,起源于杀人罪的正当防卫辩护理由,具有悠久的普通法历史,其目的是尽量减少正当防卫中杀人行为的发生。"躲避原则"对中国刑法具有三个方面的启示,即:不应将"正义不必屈从于非正义"绝对化,应当尽力减少防卫中对生命的损害;对致命性暴力与非致命性暴力分别设置使用条件,在使用致命性暴力防卫中增加躲避义务的要求;司法中应当区分不同情形的"躲避义务",分别把握其范围和限度。
[Abstract]:The "escape principle" means that, in the use of lethal violence, if it is safe to avoid, it should be avoided first, and only if it cannot be avoided can the wrongdoer be killed or fatally injured. " The principle of avoidance is an important principle in the justifiable defence of British and American criminal law. It originates from the justification of justifiable defense of homicide and has a long history of common law. Its purpose is to minimize the occurrence of homicide in justifiable defense. The principle of avoidance has three implications for China's criminal law: it should not be absolute that justice should not be subordinated to injustice, and it should try its best to reduce the damage to life in defense; In order to set up the conditions of using lethal violence and non-lethal violence separately and to increase the requirement of evading obligation in the defense of lethal violence, we should distinguish the "evasive duty" in different situations and grasp its scope and limit respectively in the administration of justice.
【作者单位】：南开大学法学院;
【分类号】：D914

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