战时缓刑制度若干问题研究

发布时间：2018-12-18 04:20

【摘要】：我国于1982年1月1日颁布实施了《中华人民共和国惩治军人违反职责罪暂行条例》，并在该条例中规定：“在战时，对被判处三年以下有期徒刑没有现实危险宣告缓刑的犯罪军人,允许其戴罪立功,确有立功表现时,可以撤销原判刑罚,不以犯罪论处。”这也是我国战时缓刑制度的渊源，后被原文引用，作为1997年《刑法》第449条，从而形成了我国刑法所独有的战时缓刑制度。该条文被原文引入刑法的同时，也被赋予了刑法的法律效力，其性质已经发生根本的变化，法律效力的提升也对该条文提出了更高的法律要求。然而值得注意的是，目前我国尚缺乏独立的军事立法制度，仅将军人违反职责罪作为刑法分则中的一个章节列入《刑法》之中，独立性的缺失使得学界对于军人相关犯罪内容的研究相对缺乏前瞻度与深度，致使该制度还存在有许多的不足之处，，例如对“立功”的认定问题以及缓刑考验期的设置问题，都需要进一步地明确和细化。因此，对战时缓刑制度的研究，无论从加强军事立法，还是在指导军事实践活动中都具有十分重要的意义。本文共分为四个部分：第一章主要阐述战时缓刑制度的基本概况。通过对战时缓刑制度的概念、特征等方面的介绍，分析战时缓刑制度与一般缓刑制度的区别与联系，指明战时缓刑制度的作用与地位。第二章主要阐述战时缓刑制度的三大要素，对“战时”“军人”“立功”三大要素进行剖析，厘清战时缓刑制度的适用条件。第三章主要阐述战时缓刑制度的宣告及执行，主要针对考察机关、考察内容以考察期限这三个方面的争议问题进行讨论，并分析研究了战时缓刑制度的法律后果。第四章主要阐述了我国现行的战时缓刑制度存在的不足之处以及相关完善的立法建议，立法建议主要针对战时缓刑制度的试用对象、考验期以及禁止条件等方面，提出笔者的建议。
[Abstract]:On January 1, 1982, China promulgated and implemented the interim regulations of the people's Republic of China on punishing servicemen for violating their duties. If a criminal soldier who has been sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years and has no real danger of declaring a suspended sentence is allowed to pay meritorious service to him or her, he may revoke the original sentence and not be punished as a crime if he has demonstrated his meritorious service. " This is also the origin of our country's wartime probation system, which was quoted as Article 449 of the Criminal Law in 1997, thus forming the unique wartime probation system of our country's Criminal Law. The article was introduced into the criminal law, but also given the legal effect of criminal law, its nature has undergone a fundamental change, the promotion of legal effectiveness also put forward a higher legal requirements for this article. However, it is worth noting that there is no independent military legislative system in our country at present. Only the crime of general violation of duty is included in the Criminal Law as a section of the Criminal Law. The lack of independence makes the academic research on the content of crimes related to military personnel relatively lack of foresight and depth, resulting in the system still has many shortcomings, such as the "meritorious service" and probation of the setting of the problem. Both need further clarification and refinement. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the system of probation in wartime, not only from strengthening military legislation, but also from guiding military practice. This paper is divided into four parts: the first chapter mainly describes the basic situation of the system of wartime probation. By introducing the concept and characteristics of the system of probation in wartime, this paper analyzes the difference and relation between the system of probation in wartime and the system of probation in general, and points out the function and status of the system of probation in wartime. The second chapter mainly expounds the three elements of the system of wartime probation, analyzes the three elements of "wartime" and "serviceman", "meritorious service", and clarifies the applicable conditions of the system. The third chapter mainly expounds the declaration and implementation of the system of wartime probation, mainly aimed at the inspection organs, the contents of the investigation to investigate the duration of these three aspects of the dispute issues, and analyzed and studied the legal consequences of the system of wartime probation. The fourth chapter mainly expounds the shortcomings of the current system of wartime probation in our country and the relevant perfect legislative suggestions, which are mainly aimed at the trial object, the test period and the prohibition conditions of the system. The author's suggestion is put forward.
【学位授予单位】：华东政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D924.1

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