完善认罪认罚从宽制度:中国语境下的关键词展开

发布时间：2018-12-30 12:24

【摘要】：随着刑法立法观日益转向积极,刑法修正案不断增加罪名、降低入刑门槛,刑事案件数量持续增长,案多人少矛盾日益突出。速裁程序试点和认罪认罚从宽制度的完善,均以解决上述问题为出发点。从内在逻辑看,对认罪认罚的行为人从宽处理,具有客观和主观两个方面的依据。从外在价值上说,简易程序和速裁程序的适用,均需要被告人认罪认罚作为正当化机制,而被告人认罪认罚反过来需要以从宽处理作为动力机制。随着速裁程序的试点,我国刑事审判已形成"普通程序—简易程序—速裁程序"的三级"递简"格局。但这一格局存在以下问题:着眼于简化审判程序的改革无法有效控制进入审判程序的案件总量;三种程序之间的繁简分化程度不足;简易程序和速裁程序适用率偏低。完善认罪认罚从宽制度,应从以下三个方面着手:构建有效的审前分流机制,实现对审判案件总量的控制;进一步分化审判程序,引入协商程序,改进速裁程序;引入程序激励机制。
[Abstract]:Along with the criminal law legislation view turning to positive day by day, the criminal law amendment unceasingly increases the charge, reduces the threshold of punishment, the number of criminal cases continues to grow, the contradiction between more cases and fewer cases becomes more and more prominent day by day. The trial of quick adjudication procedure and the perfection of lenient system of guilty admission and punishment both take solving the above problems as the starting point. From the perspective of internal logic, the lenient treatment of the guilty and penalized actor has objective and subjective basis. In terms of external value, the application of both summary procedure and quick adjudication procedure requires the defendant to admit guilt and punishment as the justification mechanism, and the defendant to admit guilty punishment in turn needs to take lenient treatment as the motive mechanism. With the trial of quick adjudication procedure, criminal trial in our country has formed a three-level "simplified" pattern of "ordinary procedure-summary procedure-quick adjudication procedure". However, the following problems exist in this pattern: the reform aimed at simplifying the trial procedure cannot effectively control the total number of cases entering the trial procedure; the degree of simplification and differentiation between the three procedures is insufficient; and the application rate of the summary procedure and the quick adjudication procedure is on the low side. To perfect the lenient system of guilty admission and punishment, we should start from the following three aspects: to construct an effective pretrial diversion mechanism to control the total amount of trial cases, to further divide the trial procedure, to introduce the negotiation procedure, and to improve the quick adjudication procedure; Introduce program incentive mechanism.
【作者单位】：中国人民大学刑事法律科学研究中心;
【基金】：国家“2011计划”司法文明协同创新中心的研究成果
【分类号】：D925.2

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