关于贪污贿赂犯罪死刑存废的思考

发布时间：2019-01-22 20:23

【摘要】：近年来,随着党和政府加大反腐败力度,大批贪污腐败分子落入法网,其中不乏省部级高官甚至国级高官。“大老虎”落马受审使得对贪污贿赂犯罪人的法庭审判和刑罚适用成为舆论焦点,民众在对国家法治进步和审判程序公正鼓掌的同时,也发出为什么腐败分子贪污受贿几千万甚至上亿而不判死刑的质疑。《刑法修正案(九)》对贪污贿赂犯罪进行了较大的修改,其整体的原则是保留贪污贿赂犯罪的死刑和严格控制贪污贿赂犯罪死刑适用,这也符合社会发展的整体趋势和我国的社会现状。废止死刑或限制死刑适用是当前国际刑罚发展的大趋势,而我国的死刑存废问题也应在国际大背景下加以考虑。死刑问题的本质是人权问题,基于保障人权的要求应当废止死刑,但是考虑到现实国情和民意诉求,贪污贿赂犯罪死刑的废止不应当操之过急,而应当先严格限制死刑和减少死刑适用,根据本国社会环境的变化,适时废止死刑。本文主要采用文献研究法、实证研究法和比较研究法等研究方法探讨贪污贿赂犯罪死刑的适用和废止问题。正文共有四个部分组成:第一部分是贪污贿赂罪的现状分析。这一部分包括两个方面,一方面指出《刑法修正案(九)》对贪污贿赂犯罪刑罚的设置相对于修改以前具有进步性,但是仍需要进一步的改进和完善。另一方面是我国司法实践中对贪污贿赂犯罪的死刑适用存在一定问题。这一部分的意义在于对贪污贿赂犯罪在立法和司法实践中现状的把握,以作为贪污贿赂犯罪死刑改革的背景。第二部分是贪污贿赂犯罪的贪污贿赂犯罪死刑存废的争议。这一部分现实分别介绍了死刑保留论和废止论的观点,通过归纳总结和比较分析的方法对两种观点的论据进行检讨,并对贪污贿赂犯罪死刑的是否具有威慑力和能否实现罪行相一致进行评析。第三部分是阶段性废止贪污贿赂犯罪死刑存废的原因。对于贪污贿赂犯罪死刑存废的争论,争论双方各执一词,但是归根到底只是应然和实然的争论。从应然方面说,废除贪污贿赂犯罪死刑是保障人权的要求;而从实然方面说,保留贪污贿赂犯罪死刑是尊重民意的选择。认清争论的本质,能够为我国死刑改革的路径提供有意义的指引。第四部分是阶段性废止贪污贿赂犯罪死刑的路径。在不能立即废止贪污贿赂犯罪死刑的情况下,采取分步走废止贪污贿赂犯罪死刑是可行的路径。这一部分分为三步,第一步是通过立法和司法严格限制和减少死刑适用;第二步发挥死缓的价值功能,使其取代死刑立即执行;第三步是在条件具备时废除贪污贿赂犯罪死刑。前两步是为了实现贪污贿赂犯罪的事实废除,置之而不用,第三步实现贪污贿赂犯罪死刑的彻底废除。
[Abstract]:In recent years, as the party and government step up their anti-corruption efforts, a large number of corrupt elements have fallen into the legal net, including provincial and ministerial senior officials and even state-level senior officials. The fall of the "Big Tiger" has made the trial and the application of penalties for embezzlement and bribery criminals the focus of public opinion. While the people applaud the progress of the country's rule of law and the justice of the judicial process, It also raised questions as to why corrupt elements took tens of millions or even hundreds of millions of bribes without the death penalty. < Criminal Law Amendment (9) > the crime of embezzlement and bribery has been greatly amended. Its overall principle is to retain the death penalty for corruption and bribery crimes and strictly control the application of the death penalty for corruption and bribery crimes, which is also in line with the overall trend of social development and the current social situation in China. Abolishing the death penalty or restricting the application of the death penalty is the trend of the development of the international penalty at present, and the question of the death penalty in our country should also be considered under the international background. The nature of the question of the death penalty is that of human rights, and the death penalty should be abolished on the basis of the requirement of safeguarding human rights, but in view of the reality of the situation and the demands of public opinion, the abolition of the death penalty for corruption and bribery should not be carried out too hastily, The death penalty should be strictly restricted and reduced, and the death penalty should be abolished in time according to the changes of the social environment. This paper mainly discusses the application and abolition of the death penalty for corruption and bribery crimes by the methods of literature research, empirical research and comparative research. The text is composed of four parts: the first part is the analysis of the current situation of corruption and bribery. This part includes two aspects. On the one hand, the author points out that the punishment of the crime of corruption and bribery in the Criminal Law Amendment (9) is more progressive than before, but it still needs further improvement and perfection. On the other hand, there are some problems in the application of the death penalty for corruption and bribery in the judicial practice of our country. The significance of this part is to grasp the current situation of corruption and bribery crime in legislation and judicial practice, as the background of the death penalty reform of corruption and bribery crime. The second part is the controversy of the death penalty for corruption and bribery. This part of reality introduces the views of death penalty retention theory and abolition theory, and reviews the arguments of the two views by means of induction, summary and comparative analysis. And whether the death penalty of corruption and bribery crime has deterrent force and can achieve the crime consistent analysis. The third part is the reason of abolishing the death penalty in the crime of corruption and bribery. The two sides insist on the death penalty for corruption and bribery, but in the final analysis, it is only a matter of necessity and reality. On the other hand, the abolition of the death penalty for corruption and bribery is the requirement of protecting human rights, while in fact, maintaining the death penalty for corruption and bribery is the choice to respect public opinion. A clear understanding of the nature of the debate can provide meaningful guidance for the reform of the death penalty in China. The fourth part is to abolish the death penalty path of corruption and bribery crime. If the death penalty for corruption and bribery can not be abolished immediately, it is feasible to abolish the death penalty for corruption and bribery crime step by step. This part is divided into three steps, the first step is to strictly limit and reduce the application of the death penalty through legislation and judicature; the second step is to give full play to the value of the death penalty to replace the death penalty immediately; the third step is to abolish the death penalty for the crime of corruption and bribery when the conditions are available. The first two steps are to abolish the crime of corruption and bribery, and the third step is to abolish the death penalty completely.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D924.3

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