刑法中职业禁止的适用问题研究

发布时间：2019-03-05 07:44

【摘要】：我国《刑法修正案(九)》增设的职业禁止,即对利用职业便利或者实施违背职业要求的特定义务的罪犯,在刑罚执行完毕之日或假释之日起在一定期限内,通过禁止从事相关职业以实现预防再犯罪为目的一项制度。职业禁止不同于《刑法修正案(八)》中的禁止令,也不是刑罚,而是具有刑法意义上的保安处分。适用的主体条件是利用职业便利实施犯罪或者实施违背职业要求的特定义务实施犯罪的人,职业便利包括职务便利,职业要求的特定义务是针对特殊职业群体所要求的具体的、明确的义务,适用的对象包括自然人和单位。适用的前提条件是职业禁止的适用对象被判处刑罚,自刑罚执行完毕之日或者假释之日起禁止从事相关职业,刑罚执行完刑罚完毕之日指主刑执行完毕之日而非附加刑执行完毕之日;主刑执行完毕之日中的主刑指的是管制、拘役、有期徒刑以及无期徒刑、死缓存在被执行完毕的情形,刑罚执行毕之日包括缓刑执行完毕之日;假释之日指假释裁定送达之日。适用的实质条件是根据犯罪人的犯罪情况和预防再犯罪的需要对其决定是否宣告职业禁止及职业禁止期限的长短。当其他法律、行政法规对行为人从事相关职业另有禁止和限制性规定时,人民法院应该在《刑法修正案(九)》对职业禁止规定的基础上,就职业禁止宣告的条件和期限方面顺从其他法律、行政法规对职业禁止的规定。违反职业禁止的,要根据不同情节给予行政处罚或者刑事处罚。
[Abstract]:The vocational prohibition added to the Amendment to the Criminal Law of our country, that is to say, for criminals who make use of occupation facilities or carry out specific obligations that violate professional requirements, within a certain period of time from the date of completion of the execution of the penalty or the date of parole, A system aimed at the prevention of reoffending by prohibiting relevant occupations. The professional prohibition is different from the prohibition order in the Criminal Law Amendment (8), nor is it a punishment, but a security measure in the sense of criminal law. The applicable subject condition is a person who makes use of professional facilities to commit a crime or who commits a crime against a specific obligation contrary to a professional requirement, which includes job facilitation, and the specific obligation of a professional requirement is specific to the specific requirements of a particular professional group. Explicit obligations, applicable to natural persons and units. The applicable prerequisite is that the applicable object of the occupational prohibition is sentenced to a penalty and is prohibited from engaging in the relevant occupation from the date of completion of the execution of the penalty or the date of parole, The date on which the execution of the penalty is completed means the date on which the execution of the principal sentence is completed rather than the date on which the execution of the additional sentence is completed; The principal sentence on the date of completion of the execution of the principal sentence refers to public surveillance, criminal detention, fixed-term imprisonment and life imprisonment, in which the execution of the death sentence is completed, including the date of completion of the suspended sentence, and the date of parole refers to the date on which the parole decision is served. The applicable substantive condition is to decide whether to declare a professional prohibition or not and the duration of the prohibition according to the criminal circumstances and the need to prevent reoffending. When other laws and administrative regulations have separate prohibitions and restrictions on the person engaging in the relevant occupation, the people's court shall, on the basis of the provisions of the Criminal Law Amendment (9), prohibit the occupation of the perpetrator. To comply with other laws and administrative regulations on the conditions and duration of the proclamation of an occupational prohibition. If a professional prohibition is violated, administrative or criminal penalties shall be given according to different circumstances.
【学位授予单位】：兰州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D924

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