论受贿罪中“为他人谋取利益”要件之取消

发布时间：2019-03-14 19:32

【摘要】：《刑法》第385条规定,国家工作人员利用职务上的便利,索取他人财物的,或者非法收受他人财物,为他人谋取利益的,是受贿罪。根据该条规定,《刑法》将受贿罪分为索取型受贿罪和收受型受贿罪,收受型受贿罪的成立须具备"为他人谋取利益"这一要件(以下简称"谋利"要件)。从"谋利"要件产生之初,针对该要件的定位与适用,无论是刑法理论界抑或是司法实务界,都一直存在着较大的争议,这些争议都直接影响了受贿罪的认定。近年来,实践中涌现出大量的"事后受财"、"感情投资"等新型的受贿行为,不断冲击着受贿罪中"谋利"要件。由于这些新形式的受贿行为不具备为他人谋利的典型性,若司法机关严格遵照受贿罪的立法规定,可能就没有办法将这些行为认定为受贿罪,这似乎有轻纵犯罪之嫌。但是若要贯彻落实"重典治乱"的反腐败政策,对此类行为进行刑法上的规制,又有违背立法规定之嫌。虽然在2016年最高人民法院、最高人民检察院联合出台了《关于办理贪污贿赂刑事案件适用法律若干问题的解释》,其中第13条针对实践中的突出问题对"谋利"要件做出了进一步的细致规定,但是笔者认为该司法解释仅仅是站在实用主义立场上对"谋利"要件作出的扩张解释甚至是类推解释,有突破立法规定、违背罪刑法定原则的倾向,因而并不是时下走出实践中受贿罪认定困境的最佳路径。"谋利"要件的存在之所以引发了一系列司法认定问题,根源在于受贿罪立法规定本身就存在逻辑体系混乱、构成要件的语言表述模糊等缺陷。而立法机关对此一直怠于解决,相继出台的解释规定也没有制定出合理、明确的认定标准,致使"谋利"要件引发的理论争议和实践困境一直未能得到妥善解决。笔者认为,解铃还须系铃人,想要从根本上解决受贿罪的认定困境,立法机关应该积极的作为,尽快取消"谋利"要件,修正受贿罪法律规定,完善我国的反腐败预防体系,以促进不敢腐、不能腐的良好社会风气的形成。
[Abstract]:Article 385 of the Criminal Law stipulates that a state functionary who takes advantage of the convenience of his or her position, claims another person's property, or illegally accepts another person's property and seeks for the benefit of others is a crime of accepting bribes. According to this article, the criminal law divides the crime of accepting bribes into the crime of taking bribes for claim and the crime of accepting bribes, and the establishment of the crime of accepting bribes must have the elements of "seeking benefits for others" (hereinafter referred to as the elements of "seeking profits"). From the beginning of the "profit seeking" element, there have been great disputes in the orientation and application of this element, both in the theory of criminal law and in the field of judicial practice. These disputes have directly affected the determination of the crime of accepting bribes. In recent years, a large number of "after-the-event", "emotional investment" and other new bribe-taking acts have emerged in practice, which constantly impact the elements of "profit-seeking" in the crime of accepting bribes. As these new forms of bribery do not have the typical benefit for others, if the judicial organs strictly comply with the legislative provisions of bribery, it may not be possible to identify these acts as bribery offences, which seems to have the suspicion of indulging in the crime. However, if we want to carry out the anti-corruption policy of "serious anti-corruption" and regulate such acts in criminal law, there is also the suspicion of violating the legislative provisions. Although in 2016 the Supreme people's Court and the Supreme people's Procuratorate jointly issued an interpretation of certain issues concerning the applicable Law on handling Criminal cases of Corruption and bribery, Article 13 provides further detailed provisions on the elements of "profit seeking" in view of the outstanding problems in practice, However, the author thinks that the judicial interpretation is only an expanded interpretation or even a similar explanation of the elements of "profit seeking" from the pragmatic standpoint, which has the tendency to break through the legislative provisions and violate the principle of legality of crime and punishment. Therefore, it is not the best way to get out of the dilemma of accepting bribes in practice. " The reason why the existence of the elements of "seeking profit" leads to a series of judicial cognizance problems, the root of which lies in the confusion of the logic system in the legislative provisions of the crime of accepting bribes, the vague language expression of the constituent elements, and so on. However, the legislature has been lazy to solve this problem, and has not formulated a reasonable and clear standard of identification, resulting in theoretical disputes and practical dilemmas caused by the elements of "profit seeking" have not been properly resolved. The author thinks that in order to solve the dilemma of accepting bribes fundamentally, the legislature should do actively, abolish the elements of "seeking profit" as soon as possible, amend the legal provisions of the crime of accepting bribes, and perfect the anti-corruption prevention system of our country. In order to promote the formation of a good social atmosphere that does not dare to corrupt and cannot corrupt.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D924.392

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