危害环境行为的刑法规制问题研究

发布时间：2019-03-27 21:26

【摘要】：环境是人类赖以生存的基本条件，是社会可持续发展的根本要求。然而，在世界各国工业化的进程中，对环境的污染和破坏越发严重，给人类自身的生存和发展带来了严重威胁，环境问题已成为社会普遍关注的焦点。为此，世界上各国均进行了关于危害环境行为的刑事立法。以大陆法系国家为例，其关于环境犯罪的立法已有较长的历史，所形成的有关环境犯罪的立法较为系统全面。例如，德国的环境刑事立法已逐渐认识到了环境的价值，已开始把环境法益作为同其他法益同样重要的客体加以保护。德国环境犯罪的客观形态大致可分为行为犯、危险犯以及抽象危险犯三种类型。现行德国刑法不承认法人的刑事可罚性，但对有关的责任人员规定了相应的刑事责任。而英美法系国家也有自己的立法特点，与大陆法系国家采用刑事立法的特征不同，其一般以行政附属刑法为主，适用普通法及特别刑法的原则。例如，英国环境刑事立法体现了非人本主义思想的理念，注重环境法益的保护，并且立法几乎囊括了所有种类的危害环境的行为。同时，立法适用严格责任原则，规定了危险犯，体现了预防犯罪的原则。较之国外环境犯罪刑事立法的发展，我国虽在1997年刑法中规定了破坏环境资源保护罪一节，但由于环境犯罪刑事立法理念陈旧、罪名体系设置不合理、刑法规制的范围较窄及惩罚力度较轻等问题，导致刑法在惩治危害环境行为时没有发挥出足够的作用，部分危害环境的行为难以得到有效的刑罚处罚。本文通过分析国内外环境犯罪刑事立法的现状分析，发现我国环境犯罪立法的不足，鉴于环境的重要性及其他国家环境立法的可借鉴性，应确立环境犯罪在刑法典中的重要地位，并应从立法模式、罪名体系、刑罚适用原则及种类等方面加以完善。
[Abstract]:Environment is the basic condition of human existence and the basic requirement of social sustainable development. However, in the process of industrialization all over the world, the pollution and destruction of the environment has become more and more serious, which has brought a serious threat to the survival and development of human beings, and environmental problems have become the focus of general concern of the society. To this end, all countries in the world have carried out criminal legislation on acts against the environment. Taking civil law countries as an example, the legislation on environmental crime has a long history, and the legislation on environmental crime formed is more systematic and comprehensive. For example, Germany's environmental criminal legislation has gradually recognized the value of the environment and began to protect the environmental legal interest as an object as important as other legal interests. The objective form of environmental crime in Germany can be divided into three types: behavioral crime, dangerous crime and abstract dangerous crime. The current German criminal law does not recognize the criminal penalties of legal persons, but provides for the corresponding criminal liability of the responsible persons concerned. The common law countries also have their own legislative characteristics, which are different from those of the continental law countries, which are mainly administrative subsidiary criminal law and apply the principles of common law and special criminal law. For example, the British environmental criminal legislation embodies the idea of non-humanism, pays attention to the protection of environmental legal interests, and covers almost all kinds of environmental harm behavior. At the same time, the legislation applies the principle of strict liability, provides for dangerous crimes, embodies the principle of crime prevention. Compared with the development of the criminal legislation of environmental crime abroad, although the crime of destroying the protection of environment and resources was stipulated in our criminal law in 1997, due to the outdated concept of criminal legislation of environmental crime, the system of charges is not reasonable. The narrow scope of the criminal law regulation and the lighter degree of punishment lead to the criminal law does not play a sufficient role in the punishment of environmental harm, and some of the environmental harm acts are difficult to get effective punishment. Through analyzing the present situation of the criminal legislation of environmental crime at home and abroad, this paper finds the deficiency of the legislation of environmental crime in our country. In view of the importance of the environment and the feasibility of other countries' environmental legislation, We should establish the important position of environmental crime in the criminal code and perfect it from the aspects of legislative mode, crime system, applicable principle and type of penalty.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D924.36

【参考文献】