财产犯罪的占有认定研究

发布时间：2019-04-03 16:57

【摘要】：占有的认定在财产犯罪中具有重要的教义学意义。不同于民法,刑法中的占有概念注重保护人对物的平和管领状态,并通过对行为人行为进行评价的方式展开,因此,对物的事实控制依然是占有中不可或缺的因素。其中,物理上的时空条件发挥基础性作用,而占有意思之独立性价值则主要体现在占有的否定方面。同时,当占有不再单纯地表征“手持”这一状态时,也就意味着规范性因素在事实性因素之外,融入到占有的概念之中。不过,需要注意的是,二者并非耦合关系,而是阶层关系,即社会规范起到肯定事实控制的作用。以往对占有的研究多是对不同的占有问题分别进行,个性有余而共性不足,为了占有体系的一致性,有必要对占有的一般性认定规则展开讨论。而在对已达成共识的占有认定进行分析时,发现“空间”这一概念可作为占有类型划分的基准,故形成了空间支配理论的占有认定一般规则。在空间支配理论看来,被害人监视与贴身禁忌有其特定的法教义学意义,可解决相关财产犯罪既遂的认定问题。这一理论符合占有之演变脉络,不仅有空间禁忌理念的支撑,同时从法经济学的视角出发,亦得到了证成。在空间支配理论的占有认定一般规则之下,各类占有问题能够得到充分而合理的解答。在层级关系的占有中,空间管理者基于对空间的管理而占有管理空间内之物,而对于运送的货物而言,其原则上由运送人占有,除非货主随行。在平级关系的占有中,数人构成一个抽象的空间管理者,故任何个人都无法单独成就对空间的管理,因此数人共同占有财物。在封缄物的占有中,封缄物之性质决定了除委托人之外的其他人(包括受托人)无权破坏包装所形成的空间,在此意义上,封缄物由委托人占有,而包装则由受托人占有。在死者的占有中,由于死者无占有意思,故从根本上否定了死者占有的成立。在存款的占有中,存款现金由银行占有,而存款债权基于其特殊的准物权属性,而成立准占有,适用占有的认定规则,由存款人占有。而对于虚拟财产的占有而言,所谓的物理上的时空条件指涉客观实在性,而非要求其必须有形,因此即使处在虚拟空间之内,虚拟财产仍然可以被占有。
[Abstract]:The cognizance of possession is of great significance in the crime of property. Different from civil law, the concept of possession in criminal law pays attention to the protection of people's peaceful control of things, and through the way of evaluating the behavior of the actor, therefore, the control of the facts of things is still an indispensable factor in possession. Among them, the physical space-time conditions play a fundamental role, while the independent value of possession is mainly reflected in the negation of possession. At the same time, when possession is no longer a mere representation of the "handheld" state, it means that normative factors are incorporated into the concept of possession in addition to factual factors. However, it should be noted that the two are not coupled, but rather the class relationship, that is, social norms play a positive role in fact control. In the past, most of the studies on possession were carried out on different possession problems, and the individuality was more than enough but the commonness was insufficient. In order to achieve the consistency of possession system, it is necessary to discuss the general rules of possession identification. On the other hand, it is found that the concept of "space" can be used as the benchmark for the classification of possession types, so the general rule of possession determination of space dominance theory is formed. In the view of space control theory, the victim surveillance and close taboo has its special significance of legal education, and it can solve the problem of determining the accomplishment of related property crimes. This theory is consistent with the evolution of possession, not only supported by the concept of spatial taboo, but also proved from the perspective of law and economics. Under the general rule of possession determination in the theory of space domination, all kinds of possession problems can be fully and reasonably answered. In the possession of hierarchical relations, space managers occupy and manage objects in space based on the management of space, and in principle they are occupied by the carrier unless the owner of the goods is accompanied by the goods being transported. In the possession of the level relationship, several people constitute an abstract space manager, so no individual can manage the space alone, so several people occupy the property together. In the possession of the reticent, the nature of the silent matter determines that the other people (including the trustee) have no right to destroy the space formed by the packaging. In this sense, the sealed object is occupied by the principal, while the package is occupied by the trustee. In the possession of the deceased, there is no interest in the possession of the deceased, so it fundamentally negates the establishment of the possession of the deceased. In the possession of deposit, the deposit cash is occupied by the bank, and the deposit creditor's right is established on the basis of its special quasi-real right attribute, and the rule of quasi-possession, which is applicable to the possession, is occupied by the depositor. As for the possession of virtual property, the so-called physical space-time condition refers to the objective reality rather than the requirement that it must be tangible, so even in the virtual space, the virtual property can still be occupied.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D924.3

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