试述被害人承诺的成立要件及司法适用

发布时间：2019-04-08 17:50

【摘要】：有关被害人承诺理论的研究历史源远流长,经过长期的发展,在一些国家的刑法典中已经对被害人承诺制度作了明确规定,但是我国只是在理论界作为超法规事由进行研究,而且尽管我国关于被害人承诺的理论研究日趋成熟,但是司法实践中也很少运用被害人承诺理论去处理案件。在这种情况下,有必要对被害人承诺理论进行认真的研究,明确该理论的正当化依据,以便更大程度上使其法定化,从而运用到实践中去,正确区分罪与非罪、刑事责任大小,达到刑法保障人权、防卫社会的任务。本文试图在中外学者关于被害人承诺研究成果的基础上,对有效的承诺应当满足的条件、承诺行为对定罪以及量刑的影响方面进行综合分析,具体包括如下内容：第一部分首先对被害人承诺的概念进行了简要的界定,并按一定的标准对被害人承诺进行分类,从而形成一种较为直观的认识；然后分析了被害人承诺的正当化依据,反映被害人承诺的本质；最后介绍不同国家及地区关于被害人承诺的立法及理论研究现状,为后文中被害人承诺制度的构建提供借鉴；第二部分是对被害人承诺的成立要件进行较为全面的梳理,只有在法益范围、承诺主体、承诺内容、承诺时间、意思表示等方面都满足了相应的条件才能成立有效的承诺,从而阻却行为的违法性；第三部分阐述被害人承诺在特殊情形下的司法适用。本部分从相关情形是否存在法律明文规定角度分为两点,第一点是法律规定下的三种情况中被害人承诺理论的体现；第二点是选取了帮助自杀、医疗行为、相互斗殴三类典型现象,在法无明文规定的情况下,分析被害人承诺理论是如何影响对三种行为进行定性的,以及对行为人刑事责任的认定的,从中得到的结论是被害人承诺能够产生三种刑法效果,分别是影响定罪、影响量刑以及不产生任何影响；结论部分对被害人承诺制度立法化提出了建议以供参考。
[Abstract]:The research on the victim commitment theory has a long history. After a long period of development, the victim commitment system has been clearly stipulated in the criminal codes of some countries, but our country is only in the theoretical field as the subject of ultra-legal research. And although the theory of victim commitment is becoming more and more mature in our country, the theory of victim commitment is rarely used in judicial practice to deal with cases. Under such circumstances, it is necessary to make a careful study of the theory of victim commitment, to clarify the justifiable basis of the theory, in order to make it legalized to a greater extent, so as to apply it to practice, to correctly distinguish between crime and non-crime, and the size of criminal responsibility, To achieve the task of protecting human rights and defending society by criminal law. This paper attempts to make a comprehensive analysis of the conditions of effective commitment and the impact of commitment on conviction and sentencing on the basis of domestic and foreign scholars' research results on victim commitment. The first part defines the concept of victim commitment briefly, and classifies the victim commitment according to a certain standard, so as to form a more intuitive understanding; Then it analyzes the legitimate basis of victim commitment, reflects the essence of victim commitment, finally introduces the legislation and theoretical research status of victim commitment in different countries and regions, which provides a reference for the construction of victim commitment system. The second part is a more comprehensive analysis of the elements of the victim's commitment, only in the scope of legal interests, the subject of the promise, the content of the promise, the time of the promise, the expression of the will, and so on, can the effective commitment be established. In order to prevent the illegality of the behavior; The third part expounds the judicial application of the victim's promise under special circumstances. This part is divided into two points from the point of view of whether there are explicit legal provisions in the relevant cases. The first point is the embodiment of the victim's commitment theory in the three situations stipulated by the law; The second point is to select three typical phenomena: help suicide, medical behavior and mutual brawl. In the absence of explicit provisions of the law, this paper analyzes how the victim's commitment theory affects the qualitative analysis of the three kinds of behaviors. As well as the determination of the criminal responsibility of the perpetrator, the conclusion is that the victim promise to produce three kinds of criminal effects, namely, the impact of conviction, sentencing and do not have any impact; The conclusion part puts forward some suggestions on the legislation of the victim commitment system for reference.
【学位授予单位】：广西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D924.1

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